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6 results

  • 10 - CBT for PTSD

  • from Part Two - Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
  • Edited by Gillian Todd, University of East Anglia, Rhena Branch, University of East Anglia
  • Book:
    Evidence-Based Treatment for Anxiety Disorders and Depression
    Published online:
    06 January 2022
    Print publication:
    13 January 2022, pp 177-194

  • Summary

    Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can be effectively treating using a variety of cognitive behavioral therapies. This chapter reviews the evidence base for cognitive behavioral therapies for PTSD, including prolonged exposure (PE), cognitive processing therapy (CPT), and others. Strategies for gold-standard diagnosis and ongoing progress monitoring of PTSD are described, as are considerations for determining readiness for CBT for PTSD. A case formulation of a fictitious patient is presented using emotional processing theory to illustrate one approach to treatment using PE, including therapist scripts for additional guidance. This case formulation includes a focus on socializing patients to PE, which is intended to assist therapists who are new to the model. An overview of the progress of this fictitious but realistic case is presented for demonstrative purposes.

  • The pattern of symptom change during prolonged exposure therapy and present-centered therapy for PTSD in active duty military personnel

  • Lily A. Brown, Joshua D. Clapp, Joshua J. Kemp, Jeffrey S. Yarvis, Katherine A. Dondanville, Brett T. Litz, Jim Mintz, John D. Roache, Stacey Young-McCaughan, Alan L. Peterson, Edna B. Foa, For the STRONG STAR Consortium
  • Journal:
    Psychological Medicine / Volume 49 / Issue 12 / September 2019
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    17 September 2018, pp. 1980-1989
  • Background

    Few studies have investigated the patterns of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom change in prolonged exposure (PE) therapy. In this study, we aimed to understand the patterns of PTSD symptom change in both PE and present-centered therapy (PCT).

    Methods

    Participants were active duty military personnel (N = 326, 89.3% male, 61.2% white, 32.5 years old) randomized to spaced-PE (S-PE; 10 sessions over 8 weeks), PCT (10 sessions over 8 weeks), or massed-PE (M-PE; 10 sessions over 2 weeks). Using latent profile analysis, we determined the optimal number of PTSD symptom change classes over time and analyzed whether baseline and follow-up variables were associated with class membership.

    Results

    Five classes, namely rapid responder (7–17%), steep linear responder (14–22%), gradual responder (30–34%), non-responder (27–33%), and symptom exacerbation (7–13%) classes, characterized each treatment. No baseline clinical characteristics predicted class membership for S-PE and M-PE; in PCT, more negative baseline trauma cognitions predicted membership in the non-responder v. gradual responder class. Class membership was robustly associated with PTSD, trauma cognitions, and depression up to 6 months after treatment for both S-PE and M-PE but not for PCT.

    Conclusions

    Distinct profiles of treatment response emerged that were similar across interventions. By and large, no baseline variables predicted responder class. Responder status was a strong predictor of future symptom severity for PE, whereas response to PCT was not as strongly associated with future symptoms.

  • The Kepler Mission: Design, expected science results, opportunities to participate

    • By William J. Borucki, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA, David Koch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA, Gibor Basri, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA, Timothy Brown, High Altitude Observatory, NCAR, Boulder, CO 80307, USA, Douglas Caldwell, SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA, Edna Devore, SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA, Edward Dunham, Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA, Thomas Gautier, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA, John Geary, Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Harvard, MA 02138, USA, Ronald Gilliland, Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA, Alan Gould, Lawrence Hall of Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA, Steve Howell, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA, Jon Jenkins, SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA, David Latham, Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Harvard, MA 02138, USA
  • Edited by Mario Livio, Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, Kailash Sahu, Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, Jeff Valenti, Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore
  • Book:
    A Decade of Extrasolar Planets around Normal Stars
    Published online:
    22 October 2009
    Print publication:
    05 June 2008, pp 36-49

  • Summary

    Kepler is a Discovery-class mission designed to determine the frequency of Earth-size and smaller planets in and near the habitable zone (HZ) of spectral type F through M dwarf stars. The instrument consists of a 0.95 m aperture photometer to do high-precision photometry of 100,000 solar-like stars to search for patterns of transits. The depth and repetition time of transits provide the size of the planet relative to the star and its orbital period. Multi-band ground-based observation of these stars is currently underway to estimate the stellar parameters and to choose appropriate targets. With these parameters, the true planet radius and orbit scale—hence the relation to the HZ—can be determined. These spectra are also used to discover the relationships between the characteristics of planets and the stars they orbit. In particular, the association of planet size and occurrence frequency with stellar mass and metallicity will be investigated. At the end of the four-year mission, several hundred terrestrial planets should be discovered with periods between 1–400 days, if such planets are common. A null result would imply that terrestrial planets are rare. Based on the results of the recent Doppler-velocity discoveries, over a thousand giant planets will also be found. Information on the albedos and densities of those giants showing transits will be obtained. The mission is now in Phase C/D development and is scheduled for launch in 2008 into a 372-day heliocentric orbit.

  • The Kepler Mission and Eclipsing Binaries

  • David Koch, William Borucki, Gibor Basri, Timothy Brown, Douglas Caldwell, Jorgen Christensen-Dalsgaard, William Cochran, Edna DeVore, Edward Dunham, Thomas N. Gautier, John Geary, Ronald Gilliland, Alan Gould, Jon Jenkins, Yoji Kondo, David Latham, Jack Lissauer, David Monet
  • Journal:
    Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union / Volume 2 / Issue S240 / August 2006
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    12 July 2007, pp. 236-243
    Print publication:
    August 2006
    • Article
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  • The Kepler Mission is a space-based photometric mission with a differential photometric precision of 14 ppm (at V = 12 for a 6.5 hour transit). It is designed to continuously observe a single field of view (FOV) of greater then 100 square degrees in the Cygnus-Lyra region for four or more years. The primary goal of the mission is to monitor more than one-hundred thousand stars for transits of Earth-size and smaller planets in the habitable zone of solar-like stars. In the process, many eclipsing binaries (EB) will also be detected and light curves produced. To enhance and optimize the mission results, the stellar characteristics for all the stars in the Kepler FOV with V < 16 will have been determined prior to launch. As part of the verification process, stars with transit candidates will have radial-velocity follow-up observations performed to determine the component masses and thereby separate eclipses caused by stellar companions from transits caused by planets. The result will be a rich database on EBs. The community will have access to the archive for further analysis, such as, for EB modeling of the high-precision light curves. A guest observer program is also planned to allow for photometric observations of objects not on the target list but within the FOV.