Field studies were carried out to assess diel activity patterns of the balsam gall midge, Paradiplosis tumifex Gagné (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in 2012, and its inquiline, Dasineura balsamicola (Lintner) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in 2013, in a young balsam fir (Abies balsamea (Linnaeus) Miller) stand in New Brunswick, Canada. Both gallmaker and inquiline are most active during the afternoon/evening hours (17:00–22:00 hours). Male gallmaker activity was largely confined to the space below the crown and typically involved short periods of flight of <30 seconds. Calling and mating by the gallmaker occurred at ground level and were followed by dispersal of females to the vegetative crown. Female gallmakers were typically observed in the tree crown beginning in early afternoon, with peak oviposition occurring between 20:00 and 21:00 hours. Female inquilines displayed similar activity patterns, although no calling or mating were observed. Moreover, inquiline flight and foraging for oviposition sites were more active than the gallmaker, with shorter rest periods and more buds visited than the gallmaker. Our results indicate that population monitoring should focus on female gallmakers as they fly during the evening. Also, before any treatment application, care should be taken to accurately identify the insects to ensure that the inquiline is not inadvertently killed.

An illustrated key is given to 28 genera, representing 10 families of at least 50 chalcidoid parasitoids and hyperparasitoids recorded from Choristoneura species (Tortricidae), or their primary parasitoids, in America north of Mexico. We include species reared throughout a 12-year study of the parasitoids and hyperparasitoids associated with the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), in New Brunswick, Canada, as well as those listed in various catalogs. Notes are provided for all the chalcidoid species, whether or not they are recorded in the literature. Nine species doubtfully or incorrectly recorded from Choristoneura species are also discussed.

Primary parasitoids belonging to the Ichneumonidae, Braconidae, and Tachinidae have been recorded from 10 of the 16 Nearctic Choristoneura species but chalcidoid parasitoids are recorded, usually as hyperparasitoids, from only four of the 16 species. The species of primary parasitoids of Choristoneura checked for records of parasitism by Chalcidoidea are tabulated by host species. Also listed are species of primary parasitoids serving as hosts for each of the chalcidoid species. We report 51 new host records of primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids from C. fumiferana and its parasitoids collected in New Brunswick.

A new generic combination is given: Mesopolobus tortricis (Brues) comb.nov. from Psychophagus (proposed by Z. Boucek).