Anxiety disorders of childhood are recognized as chronic, disabling conditions requiring early and effective interventions. The remaining specific anxiety disorder of childhood is SAD, although this may be an early manifestation of panic disorder. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) describes disabling anxiety responses to an extreme traumatic stressor involving actual or threatened personal injury, or threats to one's integrity. This chapter discusses temperament research focused on behavioral patterns which are presumed to reflect neurobiologic makeup. Combined pharmacotherapy may be used to target acute anxiety while modulating underlying anxiety levels, as in benzodiazepine coverage during initiation of serotonergic medications. Pharmacotherapy for GAD in adults has received increased attention due to advent of efficacious nonbenzodiazepine medication. SSRIs have gained favor in children due to lack of serious, especially cardiac, side effects and relative safety in overdose. Medication may reduce physical anxiety, reset panic alarm, and reduce the cognitive worry associated with anxiety sensitivity.