Quasicrystalline precipitates in ZrAlNiCuNb alloy were systematically studied by transmission electron microscopy. It was found that precipitates always contain various linear phason strains. By electron diffraction analysis, two types of linear phason strain with two different directions perpendicular to the incident beam described by strain matrices with only one nonzero element were identified. After measuring the deviations of diffraction spots and quantitatively fitting against their perpendicular components of the reciprocal lattice vectors, the phason strain matrices were obtained. Domain structures formed as a result of linear phason strain variants along directions with equal probability. Electron diffraction and high-resolution electron imaging provide supportive evidence of this result.

The whiskers spontaneously grown in Cd–Mg–Yb alloy containing icosahedral quasicrystal as dominant phase have been investigated by electron microscopy. It is found that: (i) the whiskers are mainly composed of Cd with growth direction along . CdO particles are frequently observed on surfaces of whiskers and the alloy, indicating the importance of the oxidation process during the whisker growth; (ii) there exist four types of orientation relationship between Cd and CdO. The interfaces between them are shown to accommodate large lattice misfit, which is well explained by near coincidence site lattice model; (iii) nanosized Cd particles are observed to aggregate around the whisker root, providing a convincing experimental evidence for the long-range atomic diffusion. Our study offers a unique opportunity to unveil the relationship between unstability of quasicrystal structure and whisker formation and may have some implications for oxidation process of metals.