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Textbook of Stroke Medicine
  • 3rd edition
  • Edited by Michael Brainin, Wolf-Dieter Heiss
  • Published online:
    16 May 2019
    Print publication:
    18 April 2019
  • Concise and informative, this guide is for doctors preparing to specialise in stroke care and strokologists looking for rapid but in-depth scientific guidance on stroke management. This third edition is fully revised to ensure that medical professionals are completely up-to-date in this fast-moving field. Its practical and problem-based approach covers all important issues of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases, and reviews epidemiology and risk assessment. This new edition features expanded sections on topics of stroke unit management, thrombolysis, neurointerventions, cognitive impairment, secondary prevention and rehabilitation, and includes new chapters on neurointensive care and small vessel disease. Comprehensive in its coverage, the textbook includes acute assessment, imaging and emergency interventions. The authors are renowned experts in their field and have been working together in a teaching faculty for the European Master in Stroke Medicine Programme, which is supported by the European Stroke Organisation and the World Stroke Organisation.

  • Minocycline Protects Dopaminergic Neurons Against Long-Term Rotenone Toxicity

  • Khaled Radad, Rudolf Moldzio, Wolf-Dieter Rausch
  • Journal:
    Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 37 / Issue 1 / January 2010
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    02 December 2014, pp. 81-85
    • Article
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  • Background:

    In Parkinson's disease, most of current therapies only provide symptomatic treatment and so far there is no drug which directly affects the disease process.

    Objectives:

    To investigate the neuroprotective effects of minocycline against long-term rotenone toxicity in primary dopaminergic cell cultures.

    Methods:

    Embryonic mice of 14-days-old were used for preparation of primary dopaminergic cell cultures. On the 6th day in vitro, prepared cultures were treated both with minocycline alone (1, 5, 10 and 20 μM) and concomitantly with rotenone (5 and 20 nM) and minocycline. Cultures were incubated at 37°C for six consecutive days. On Day 12 in vitro culture medium was aspirated and used for measuring lactate dehydrogenase. Cultured cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldhyde and stained immunohistochemically against tyrosine hydroxylase.

    Results:

    Treatment of cultures with 5 and 20 nM of rotenone significantly decreased the survival of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive neurons by 27 and 31% and increased the release of lactate dehydrogenase into the culture medium by 31 and 236%, respectively compared to untreated controls. Minocycline (1, 5, 10 μM) significantly protected tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive neurons by 17, 15 and 19% and 13, 22 and 23% against 5 and 20 nM of rotenone, respectively compared to rotenone-treated cultures. Minocycline (only at 10 μM) significantly decreased the release of lactate dehydrogenase by 79% and 133% against 5 and 20 nM of rotenone, respectively.

    Conclusion:

    Minocycline has neuroprotective potential against the progressive loss of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive neurons induced by long-term rotenone toxicity in primary dopaminergic cultures.

  • The non-existence of private self-regulation in the transnational sphere and its implications for the responsibility to procure legitimacy: The case of the lex sportiva

  • KLAUS DIETER WOLF
  • Journal:
    Global Constitutionalism / Volume 3 / Issue 3 / November 2014
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    22 September 2014, pp. 275-309

  • This article is a critical examination of the claim that the emergence of private self-regulatory regimes in the transnational sphere signals a new trend of self-constitutionalization outside the limits of nation-state based or intergovernmental control. It deals with the question to what extent the diffusion of public authority in the sphere beyond the state affects the responsibility of the state(s) to procure the legitimacy of such private self-regulation. First, a conceptual argument is developed which identifies private self-regulatory regimes as rule systems nested in a specific constitutional order of the international society, here described as ‘neo-Westphalian’ (Section I). Second, implications for the responsibility to procure the legitimacy of collectively binding regulatory functions performed by private actors in the sphere beyond the state are considered (Section II). Often cited as a model example of autonomous societal self-regulation, the lex sportiva renders particularly strong plausibility for the claimed non-existence of purely private self-regulation. The regulation of performance-enhancing substances can serve to demonstrate the complex interactions between multiple public and private sites of constitutional authority (Section III). In conclusion (Section IV), I argue that, although the ultimate responsibility for providing legitimacy continues to lie with the state/world of states, the political order of the international society as construed in neo-Westphalian terms provides a dispersed and fragmented constitutional-style legal framework with few reliable guarantees that states are capable or willing to enact their background role. Therefore, a substantial part of the burden of – initial – legitimation must be carried by those directly involved in private self-regulation by constituting and exercising public authority.

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