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Page 1 of 4

  • Understanding the disease and economic impact of avirulent avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1) infection in Great Britain

  • Scott M. Reid, Paul Skinner, David Sutton, Craig S. Ross, Karolina Drewek, Natalia Weremczuk, Ashley C. Banyard, Sahar Mahmood, Karen L Mansfield, Jo Mayers, Saumya S. Thomas, Sharon M. Brookes, Ian H. Brown
  • Journal:
    Epidemiology & Infection / Volume 151 / 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    25 August 2023, e163
    • Article
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  • Newcastle disease (ND) is a notifiable disease affecting chickens and other avian species caused by virulent strains of Avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1). While outbreaks of ND can have devastating consequences, avirulent strains of APMV-1 generally cause subclinical infections or mild disease. However, viruses can cause different levels of disease in different species and virulence can evolve following cross-species transmission events. This report describes the detection of three cases of avirulent APMV-1 infection in Great Britain (GB). Case 1 emerged from the ‘testing to exclude’ scheme in chickens in Shropshire while cases 2 and 3 were made directly from notifiable avian disease investigations in chicken broilers in Herefordshire and on premises in Wiltshire containing ducks and mixed species, respectively). Class II/genotype I.1.1 APMV-1 from case 1 shared 99.94% identity to the Queensland V4 strain of APMV-1. Class II/genotype II APMV-1 was detected from case 2 while the class II/genotype I.2 virus from case 3 aligned closely with strains isolated from Anseriformes. Exclusion of ND through rapid detection of avirulent APMV-1 is important where clinical signs caused by avirulent or virulent APMV-1s could be ambiguous. Understanding the diversity of APMV-1s circulating in GB is critical to understanding disease threat from these adaptable viruses.

  • Comorbidity of self-harm and disordered eating in young people: evidence from a UK population-based cohort

  • Helen Bould, Naomi Warne, Jon Heron, Becky Mars, Paul Moran, Anne Stewart, Marcus Munafo, Lucy Biddle, Andy Skinner, David Gunnell
  • Journal:
    BJPsych Open / Volume 7 / Issue S1 / June 2021
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    18 June 2021, p. S9
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  • Aims

    Self-harm and eating disorders are often comorbid in clinical samples but their co-occurrence in the general population is unclear. Given that only a small proportion of individuals who self-harm or have disordered eating present to clinical services, and that both self-harm and eating disorders are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality, we aimed to study these behaviours at a population level.

    Method

    We assessed the co-occurrence of self-harm and disordered eating behaviours in 3384 females and 2326 males from a UK population-based cohort: the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Participants reported on their self-harm and disordered eating behaviours (fasting, purging, binge-eating and excessive exercise) in the last year via questionnaire at 16 and 24 years. At each age we assessed how many individuals who self-harm also reported disordered eating, and how many individuals with disordered eating also reported self-harm.

    Result

    We found high comorbidity of self-harm and disordered eating. Almost two-thirds of 16-year-old females, and two-in-five 24-year-old males who self-harmed also reported some form of disordered eating. Young people with disordered eating reported higher levels of self-harm at both ages compared to those without disordered eating.

    Conclusion

    As self-harm and disordered eating commonly co-occur in young people in the general population, it is important to screen for both sets of difficulties to provide appropriate treatment.

Music and Instruments of the Middle Ages

  • Introduction

  • Edited by Tess Knighton, David Skinner
  • Book:
    Music and Instruments of the Middle Ages
    Published by:
    Boydell & Brewer
    Published online:
    24 November 2020
    Print publication:
    16 October 2020, pp 1-8

  • Summary

    Imagination was given to man to compensate him for what he is not; a sense of humour to console him for what he is.

    attrib. Oscar Wilde

    The paths a modern thinker might take in life are various. For musical historians these might include not only teaching, lecturing and research, but also forays into performance and other forms of communication such as commercial recordings and broadcasting. Each requires specific skill sets and specialist knowledge, and it is indeed a rare thing to find all wrapped up in a single person. In terms of music, literature and the performing arts, Christopher Page is surely one of the great artistic polymaths of our generation. The Christian West and its Singers: The First Thousand Years (2010), is arguably his greatest accomplishment to date, and, in attempting to sum up the author, Elizabeth Aubrey hit a perfect mark in observing that only Page could have written this book: ‘not only because of the knowledge and skills he brings to it, but also, perhaps more importantly, because of the imagination that characterises all of his research’ (Journal of the American Musicological Society, 66/1 (2013)). Page's unique and vivid imagination is key to his successes on so many academic and practical fronts. As a man who has spent his life devoted to literature, his chief ambition has always been to keep the imagination working while reading in order to enrich the ability to think creatively. This is evident in all his work.

    Page's extensive and wide-ranging output is an impressive testament to his tireless industry. From 1974 to the present day he has produced ten monographs and over sixty book chapters or articles on subjects ranging from the study of musical instruments to a variety of social and musical histories from the first to the eighteenth centuries. As a performer he produced twenty-two highly acclaimed recordings (including three Gramophone Award winners) with his ensemble Gothic Voices, known in concert for their flawless performances interspersed with illuminating and entertaining historical anecdotes by Page himself. Page's natural and seemingly effortless ability to speak to all levels of listeners, whether they be academic peers or students, is both admirable and remarkable. His manner not only inspired new generations of the ‘performer-scholar’ but also, in accordance with the aims of Lord Reith, founder of the BBC, informed, educated and entertained thousands of listeners via the airwaves.

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