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61 results

Page 1 of 4

  • Development of Operando X-ray Ptychography at the Advanced Light Source
  • David Shapiro, Rich Celestre, Young-Sang Yu
  • Journal: Microscopy and Microanalysis / Volume 28 / Issue S1 / August 2022
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 22 July 2022, p. 850
  • Print publication: August 2022
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  • Ptychography Reduces Spectral Distortions Intrinsic to Conventional Zone-Plate-Based X-Ray Spectromicroscopy
  • Matthew A. Marcus, David A. Shapiro, Young-Sang Yu
  • Journal: Microscopy and Microanalysis / Volume 27 / Issue 6 / December 2021
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 11 October 2021, pp. 1448-1453
  • Print publication: December 2021
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    Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy is a powerful method for mapping chemical phases in nano-materials. The point spread function (PSF) of a conventional zone-plate-based microscope limits the achievable spatial resolution and also results in spatially resolved spectra that do not accurately reflect the spatial heterogeneity of the samples when the scale of the detail approaches the probe size. X-ray ptychography, a coherent-scattering-based imaging scheme that effectively removes the probe from the image data, returns accurate spectra from regions smaller than the probe size. We show through simulation how the long tails on the PSF of an x-ray optic can cause spectral distortion near a boundary between two spectrally distinct regions. The resulting apparent point spectra can appear mixed, with the species on one side of the boundary seeming to be present on the other even at a distance from the boundary equal to several times the spatial resolution. We further demonstrate the effect experimentally and show that ptychographic microscopy can return the expected spectra from a model system, whereas conventional microscopy does not.

  • Meaning and Purpose (MaP) therapy II: Feasibility and acceptability from a pilot study in advanced cancer
  • David W. Kissane, Carrie Lethborg, Joanne Brooker, Courtney Hempton, Sue Burney, Natasha Michael, Margaret Staples, Tanya Osicka, Merlina Sulistio, Jeremy Shapiro, Hilary Hiscock
  • Journal: Palliative & Supportive Care / Volume 17 / Issue 1 / February 2019
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 02 January 2019, pp. 21-28
  • View abstract
    Objective

    Meaning and Purpose (MaP) therapy aims to enhance meaning-based coping through a life review that focuses on the value and worth of the person, key relationships, sources of fulfillment, roles, and future priorities in living life out fully. We sought to test the feasibility and acceptability of a six-session model of MaP therapy against a wait-list control cohort in a pilot study seeking effect sizes on measures of adaptation.

    Method

    We randomized patients with advanced cancer to MaP therapy or wait-list control, with measures administered at baseline and after 6–8 weeks. Wait-list patients could then crossover to receive therapy, with further measures collected postintervention. Adherence to the manualized model was sustained through weekly supervision and fidelity coding of recorded sessions. We used generalized estimating equations to control for baseline and any correlation of data.

    Result

    From 134 eligible participants, 57 (43%) consented, and 40 of 45 (89%) offered therapy completed 6 sessions. Key barriers to consenting patients were poor health (15 refusers and 4 withdrawals) and death intervened in 6 participants. MaP therapy generated adequate effect sizes in posttraumatic growth (new possibilities, appreciation of life, and personal strength) and life attitudes (choices and goal seeking) to permit calculation of power for a formal randomized, controlled trial.

    Significance of results

    Delivery of this model of existentially oriented therapy is feasible and acceptable to patients. A properly powered randomized controlled trial is justified to examine the efficacy of this intervention.

  • Be The Help
  • David W. Callaway, E. Reed Smith, Geoff Shapiro
  • Journal: Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness / Volume 12 / Issue 1 / February 2018
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 22 March 2018, pp. 155-156
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  • On the integration of product and process models in engineering design
  • Claudia M. Eckert, David C. Wynn, Jakob F. Maier, Albert Albers, Nikola Bursac, Hilario L. Xin Chen, P. John Clarkson, Kilian Gericke, Bartosz Gladysz, Daniel Shapiro
  • Journal: Design Science / Volume 3 / 2017
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 21 March 2017, e3
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    Models of products and design processes are key to interacting with engineering designs and managing the processes by which they are developed. In practice, companies maintain networks of many interrelated models which need to be synthesised in the minds of their users when considering issues that cut across them. This article considers how information from product and design process models can be integrated with a view to help manage these complex interrelationships. A framework highlighting key issues surrounding model integration is introduced and terminology for describing these issues is developed. To illustrate the framework and terminology, selected modelling approaches that integrate product and process information are discussed and organised according to their levels and forms of integration. Opportunities for further work to advance integrated modelling in engineering design research and practice are discussed.

  • Nuffield Council on Bioethics
  • David Shapiro
  • Journal: Politics and the Life Sciences / Volume 14 / Issue 2 / August 1995
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 17 May 2016, pp. 263-266
  • View extract

    The Nuffield Council on Bioethics (NCoB) published its latest major report, Human Tissue: Ethical and Legal Issues on April 20, 1995. The news item in Nature described the NCoB as “widely seen as the United Kingdom's national bioethics council” (vol. 374:665). This is exactly what the trustees of the Nuffield Foundation had in mind when they established the council in July 1991.

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