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9 results

  • 19 - Criminals’ Narrative Identity

  • from Part III - Methodological Approaches
  • Edited by Michael Bamberg, Clark University, Massachusetts, Carolin Demuth, Aalborg University, Denmark, Meike Watzlawik
  • Book: The Cambridge Handbook of Identity
  • Published online: 29 October 2021
  • Print publication: 11 November 2021, pp 414-434

  • Summary

    Procedures for exploring criminals’ identities as embedded in their episodic and life trajectory narratives are the focus of this chapter. The identity of a person is regarded as being embedded in an unfolding account that the individual gives of themself. Recent studies have explored the identities revealed in these personal narratives at the larger scale of the life trajectory and at the smaller scale of the experience of actual crimes. The former has used the Life as a Film (LAAF) procedure, whereby offenders describe what a film of their life would be like. This has allowed the recognition of inherent identity conflicts as characteristic of criminals. The narrative and related identity implicit in the experience of actions in a crime has been explored using the Narrative Role Questionnaire (NRQ). Together the LAAF and NRQ give a dynamic, unfolding perspective on criminal identity. Identity here is not regarded as a static characteristic of a person, but is expected to change in the light of the individual’s interpretation of their experience of criminality. This allows for interventions with offenders by helping them to reassess who they are by reconstructing their understanding of their personal narrative. Research with those who abuse drugs and with people with mental illness have demonstrated the power of this approach and the many opportunities for future development.

  • ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW & CASE STUDY: Strengthening the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969

  • David L. Keys, Larry Canter, Robert Senner
  • Journal: Environmental Practice / Volume 13 / Issue 3 / September 2011
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 22 August 2011, pp. 216-226
  • Print publication: September 2011

  • The main concept in this article is that the federal government has fallen behind in implementing its basic law for protecting the environment, the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969, Public Law 91-190, as amended. This idea is not new, as pointed out in our overview. This report is a broad-brush approach to a series of critical NEPA implementation issues. Any one of these issues warrants more in depth research and analysis. Our dual purpose is to broach these issues to spur further discourse so that NEPA can be strengthened.

    Environmental Practice 13:1–11 (2011)

  • 8.1 - Criminals’ personal narratives

  • from Part VIII - Research practice
  • Edited by Jennifer M. Brown, London School of Economics and Political Science, Elizabeth A. Campbell, University of Glasgow
  • Book: The Cambridge Handbook of Forensic Psychology
  • Published online: 06 July 2010
  • Print publication: 29 April 2010, pp 791-794

  • Summary

    Within psychology and related social sciences there is an emerging framework for understanding a person's actions and experiences. Growing out of personality theory, the psychological emphasis is on 'personal' narratives: the stories that people tell about themselves. The potential value of this chapter runs through the whole range of forensic psychology activities. It offers the possibility of informing the formulation of offender profiles by enabling investigators to understand more clearly the psychological processes of which the crime is a part, and thus possible characteristics of the offender. The interviewing of offenders can also be informed by an understanding of the storyline they may consider their crimes to be key episodes within. The chapter provides a framework for working with offenders to help them reconstruct their understanding of their personal narratives. This connects directly with the narrative approach to therapy.

  • 1.9 - Investigative psychology

  • from Part I - Psychological underpinnings
  • Edited by Jennifer M. Brown, London School of Economics and Political Science, Elizabeth A. Campbell, University of Glasgow
  • Book: The Cambridge Handbook of Forensic Psychology
  • Published online: 06 July 2010
  • Print publication: 29 April 2010, pp 81-85

  • Summary

    The domain of investigative psychology covers all aspects of psychology that are relevant to the conduct of criminal or civil investigations. Its focus is on the ways in which criminal activities may be examined and understood in order for the detection of crime to be effective and legal proceedings to be appropriate. Three processes are always present in any investigation that can be improved by psychological study. The first set of tasks is the collection and evaluation of information derived from accounts of the crime. The second set is the making of decisions and the related actions that will move towards the arrest and conviction of the perpetrator. The third set of tasks therefore derives from developing a basis for those inferences at the heart of police investigations. Psychology can provide a framework for understanding the processes that police must go through in attempting to find the answers.

  • 1.1 - Action system applied to forensic topics

  • from Part I - Psychological underpinnings
  • Edited by Jennifer M. Brown, London School of Economics and Political Science, Elizabeth A. Campbell, University of Glasgow
  • Book: The Cambridge Handbook of Forensic Psychology
  • Published online: 06 July 2010
  • Print publication: 29 April 2010, pp 17-22

  • Summary

    In the search for a conceptual framework that underlies variations in criminal activity, a model derived from Parsons' exploration of sociopsychological systems is proving productive. This has its roots in cybernetics and the related attempts to model social and psychological processes as systems of interactions. The author and his colleagues have demonstrated the utility of such an approach when applied to criminal behaviour. They have developed the action system model further by linking it to dominant theories in the explanation and differentiation of crime. The action system model goes further than just being the identification of four modes of action, which include: the integrative mode, adaptive mode, conservative mode and the expressive mode. The challenge, as with any system based on content analysis, is to develop definitions of the components that are clear and as objective as possible.

  • 2.13 - Offender profiling

  • from Part II - Assessments
  • Edited by Jennifer M. Brown, London School of Economics and Political Science, Elizabeth A. Campbell, University of Glasgow
  • Book: The Cambridge Handbook of Forensic Psychology
  • Published online: 06 July 2010
  • Print publication: 29 April 2010, pp 236-241

  • Summary

    By the 1970s police forces throughout the USA were referring to the process of speculating about the characteristics of offenders they were looking for as 'offender profiling'. Accounts of 'offender profiling' have always been confused by the mixture of myth and reality that exist within Thomas Harris' and many subsequent fictional portrayals. Drawing on a background in social and environmental psychology, the author has demonstrated in Criminal Shadows that the central question of offender profiling is to establish the basis for making inferences from offence actions to offender characteristics. The range of scientific questions inherent in offender profiling have been shown by Canter to be a subset of a broader range of issues in psychology that are relevant to police investigations. This places offender profiling within a more general field named Investigative Psychology. This more academically grounded approach is opening up the potential applications of psychological science.