Risks and uncertainties of increasing severity and variety characterise the operating environments of most multinational enterprises (MNEs). Surprisingly limited attention has been given to understanding the antecedents and nature of risk and uncertainty management capabilities. In this study, we contribute to the organisational capability research, by examining the antecedents of risk and uncertainty management capabilities and theorising how MNEs develop and transfer risk and uncertainty management capabilities across borders. By drawing on empirical evidence from MNEs operating in New Zealand, we conceptualise the role of environmental factors – including country risk profile and regulatory environment – in shaping firms' risk and uncertainty management capabilities. We also inductively theorise about the organisational factors that support the development of risk and uncertainty management capabilities in MNEs, and explain which factors influence their cross-border transferability. Finally, we discuss our study's limitations and offer future research directions.

We present the case of a 13-year-old male with a complex congenital cardiac history who was supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for 394 days while awaiting cardiac transplantation. The patient underwent successful cardiac transplantation after 394 days of support with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and is currently alive 2 years after cardiac transplantation. We believe that this case represents the longest period of time that a patient has been supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a bridge to cardiac transplantation.

We also review the literature associated with prolonged support with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. This case report documents many of the challenges associated with prolonged support with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, including polymicrobial bacterial and fungal infections, as well as renal dysfunction. It is possible to successfully bridge a patient to cardiac transplantation with prolonged support with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation of over 1 year; however, multidisciplinary collaboration is critical.

We surveyed acute-care hospitals on strategies to reduce inappropriate C. difficile testing and treatment of colonized patients. Decision support during C. difficile test ordering was common, but “hard stops” to prevent placement of inappropriate orders and active intervention of antimicrobial stewardship programs on positive C. difficile test reports were infrequent.

This survey investigated diagnostic and antimicrobial stewardship practices related to molecular respiratory panel testing in adults with lower respiratory tract infections at acute care hospitals. Most respondents reported use of rapid respiratory panels, but related stewardship practices were uncommon and the real-world impact of respiratory panels were difficult to quantify.

Today, the world is facing the highest numbers of internally displaced persons and refugees since at least World War II. Addressing this crisis involves several challenges regarding the law and politics of displacement. To see how this plays out, it is helpful to zero in on a particular case. The case of the Rohingya minority from Myanmar who have been pushed out into Bangladesh is a particularly acute case, one involving atrocity crimes and ethnic cleansing.

This survey investigated interventions used by acute-care hospitals to reduce the detection of asymptomatic bacteriuria. Half of the respondents reported using reflex urine cultures but with varied urinalysis criteria and perceived outcomes. Other diagnostic stewardship interventions for urine culture ordering and specimen quality were less common.

Objectives: Research on the cognitive sequelae of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) suggests that, despite generally rapid recovery, difficulties may persist in the domain of cognitive control. The goal of this study was to examine whether individuals with chronic blast-related mTBI show behavioral or neural alterations associated with cognitive control. Methods: We collected event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data during a flanker task in 17 individuals with blast-related mTBI and 16 individuals with blast-exposure without TBI (control). Results: Groups did not significantly differ in behavioral measures of cognitive control. Relative to the control group, the mTBI group showed greater deactivation of regions associated with the default mode network during the processing of errors. Additionally, error processing in the mTBI group was associated with enhanced negative coupling between the default mode network and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex as well as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, regions of the salience and central executive networks that are associated with cognitive control. Conclusions: These results suggest that deactivation of default mode network regions and associated enhancements of connectivity with cognitive control regions may act as a compensatory mechanism for successful cognitive control task performance in mTBI. (JINS, 2018, 24, 1–11)