In a paper by Badulescu [Global Jacquet–Langlands correspondence, multiplicity one and classification of automorphic representations, Invent. Math. 172 (2008), 383–438], results on the global Jacquet–Langlands correspondence, (weak and strong) multiplicity-one theorems and the classification of automorphic representations for inner forms of the general linear group over a number field were established, under the assumption that the local inner forms are split at archimedean places. In this paper, we extend the main local results of that article to archimedean places so that the above condition can be removed. Along the way, we collect several results about the unitary dual of general linear groups over ℝ, ℂ or ℍ which are of independent interest.

Second harmonic emission from underdense laser-preformed plasmas has been investigated in forward direction with respect to the interaction beam axis. Two series of measurements have been performed using two focusing conditions and changing the intensity of the interaction beam. Effects of beam smoothing by random phase plates on second harmonic emission were also tested. Novel information on density and intensity gradients driven by filamentation instability was obtained.

A multidisciplinary research programme was developed to get a scientific expertise for the quality assessment of products obtained from cloned livestock. Thirty-seven bovine Holstein female clones of five different genotypes and their products were analysed in comparison with 38 control animals obtained by conventional artificial insemination and raised under the same conditions at the same experimental farm. Animal evaluation included over 150 criteria and more than 10 000 measurements to check the physiological status and health over a 3-year period. All the parameters studied were in the normal range for age and breed, but some significant differences were detected between clone and control groups in terms of delayed onset of puberty in clones, higher neutrophil counts in haematology or lower biochemical plasma concentrations of gamma glutamyl transferase. Milk and meat analyses were conformable to expected values. We, however, found some differences in fatty acid (FA) composition of milk and muscle suggesting a possible deviation in lipid metabolism as assessed by higher delta-9 desaturase activity indexes in both milk and muscles from clones compared with controls. Repeated muscle biopsies in the semitendinosus muscle of the same animals demonstrated a higher oxidative activity in muscle of young clones (8 months of age) compared with controls, suggesting a delayed muscle maturation in clones. Nutritional evaluation of milk and meat using the rat feeding trials did not show any difference between clone and control products for food intake, growth rate, body composition of the rats, nor for possible allergenicity. Possible reactivation of bovine endogenous retroviruses (BERVs) was analysed and compared between normal and cloned cattle. As expected, these BERV sequences are not transcribed and no RNA was detected in the blood of clones, donor animals or controls; therefore, it may be assumed that the sanitary risk associated with BERV sequences is not higher in cattle derived from somatic nuclear transfer than in cattle born from conventional reproduction. Our results confirm that the quality and safety of products (milk and meat) from adult and clinically healthy cloned cattle is globally similar to normal animals. However, from a strictly biological point of view, the slightly delayed maturation we observed in the muscle of clones together with some marginal differences identified in FA composition of both muscle and milk, point to the need for more refined analysis to totally exclude any risks from the consumption of those products.

This paper critically assesses the design implications for the analysis of surveys of infections. It indicates the danger of not accounting for the study design in the statistical investigation of risk factors. A stratified design often implies an increased precision while clustering of infection results in a decreased precision. Through pseudo-likelihood estimation and linearisation of the variance estimator, the design effects can be taken into account in the analysis. The intra-cluster-correlation can be investigated through a logistic random effect model and a generalised estimating equation (GEE), allowing the investigation of the extent of spread of infections in a herd (cluster). The advantage of using adaptive Gaussian quadrature in a logistic random effect model is discussed. Applicable software is briefly reviewed. The methods are illustrated with data from a bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) serosurvey of Belgian cattle.

Farmers in the Hmong village of Pa Kluai have replaced outlawed opium production with production of cabbages for urban markets. But because cabbage, unlike opium, requires the use of irrigation and pesticides, Thai farmers living downstream from Pa Kluai blame the Hmong for deforesting hills and polluting streams. Unsuccessful attempts to resolve the conflict between Hmong villagers and their lowland neighbors illustrate conflicts over what it means to be Thai, pointing to problems with the so-called three pillars of modern Thai society: race, religion, and king. Not only do the Hmong have different customs from Thai villagers but as swidden farmers who fell and farm upland forests, they come into conflict with Royal Forestry Department plans to preserve forests in watersheds. A Buddhist monk, dismayed by deforestation, has joined Thai villagers in protesting the cabbage-growing Hmong. And the king, who has tried to win the loyalty of highland groups, proposed that opium fields not be destroyed until viable replacement crops were available. So far, efforts to resolve the conflict by relocating the Hmong has failed, due to lack of a suitable alternative site.

Electronographic plates have been obtained with the ESO 3,6 m telescope and the CFH telescope. One of the plates is reproduced figure 1. We have studied the regions surrounding the nucleus of 3C 120 (r<8″) and emitting in the continuum. The “jet” found by Wlérick et al. (1981) has been resolved into 3 condensations, A, B and D; another condensation C is located 7″ S-E of the nucleus; a filament F leaves the nucleus in the direction of condensation B. The 4 condensations have been measured in colours U B V and V′, this last band excluding the [OIII] emission lines. We have located each condensation with respect to the zones where gaz emission is observed and particularly two regions that we call E1 and E2. We have also located condensation A with respect to the radiojet and we have searched, in B and V colours, for polarization of this condensation. The results are the following:

1. 1. The 4 condensations are faint: 20,0<B<20,8, corresponding Jo the absolute magnitudes: −16,1 < Mg<−15, 3, using H = 60 km s−1 Mpc−1. Colours of condensations A, B and D are similar: U-B∼−0,20; B-V∼0,87; condensation C is less blue: U-B∼0,30; B-V∼0,90.

2. 2. The brightest condensation A is elongated nearby North-South, its southern part pointing toward S-E (Fig. 1). It is interesting to place A with respect to the radiojet (cf. Browne et al., 1982, Walker et al., 1987). The maximum of A is located 1″ North of the first knot of the jet but the southern part of A coincides with this knot. The maximum of the emission region E1 is located 1″ West of the maximum of A, but region overlaps a large part of A. Though no significant polarization has been found for A taken globally, we suggest that the flux of A consists of two parts: in the southern region of A, the flux could be synchrotron radiation corresponding to a spectral index radio-visible ∼0,7; the northern part of A would be a zone of star formation triggered by the impact of the jet on region E1; the situation is very similar to the one found with Minkowskis object (Van Breugel et al., 1985; Brodie et al., 1985), concerning the relative position of A and the jet, as well as the variation of polarization of this jet and its change of direction; on the other hand, A is not as blue as Minkowski's object and this is likely due to the fact that the number of young stars is smaller; the change of the polarization in a well localized part of the radio knot (Walker et al., 1987) suggests that the gazeous region E1 is flattened and that the jet crosses it obliquely.

3. 3. Condensations B and D form a chain with A and they are located in a region where no emission is observed; they are made probably of stars older than the one of condensation A.

4. 4. Brightness and colours of condensation C are similar to those of the nucleus of a spiral galaxy. We suggest that C is the residue of a galaxy captured by 3C 120; this agrees with the work of Heckman et al. (1986); these authors consider a galaxy merger as the origin of the activity of 3C 120 and, as they do not see any neighbouring galaxy, they state that the merger has nearly reached completion. The bright gazeous region E2 connects possibly C and the nucleus of 3C 120.

In 1809, representatives of Chiang Mai and the Kayah State of Kantarawaddy marked their mutual boundary by releasing a buffalo on the summit of a range of mountains and erecting markers on the line it followed. As this episode suggests, these Kayahs and Thais (and also Burmans) translated the world into cognitive maps quite different from those of the British colonialists who would later rule in Burma. The anthropologist, Edmund Leach, noted this difference in his “The Frontiers of ‘Burma’”, observing that European concepts of frontier, state, and nation are not always applicable to Burma where the frontier is not an absolute division but “a border zone through which cultures interpenetrate in a dynamic manner”. This paper examines the interaction between the Kayah-Thai-Burman and the British conceptions of frontier in the working out of demarcated borders between the Kayah states and Thailand during the nineteenth century.

The region surrounding the nucleus of 3C 120 has been recorded on electronographic plates, in U, B, V and V' colours. It has been possible to substract the contributions of the bright nucleus and the galaxy. Faint condensations appear. Their colours show that they are probably not emitting synchrotron radiation. The brightest condensation A is located 4” West of the nucleus. It does not coïncide exactly with the knot of the radio jet and is very slightly displaced toward the North. It is probably of the same nature as Minkowski's Object: burst of star formation triggered by the collision of the jet with relatively dense extranuclear gas.

the large field Lallemand electronographic camera has proved to be an ideal receptor for bidimensional photometry with the C.F.H. 3.6 m. Telescope. It permits to measure faint stars up to about B = 25. Plates of a large variety of objects have been obtained ; for example : crowded fields such as the nearby galaxy Messier 33 ; fields where one must recognize faint galaxies from stars; objects for which a high spatial resolution is needed, such as the optical jet of Messier 87 or gravitational lenses. It is possible to predict the limits of the receptor with a very large telescope.