Two experiments on the reaction to ultra-violet light of certain sound scatterers in the area are described.

The source was a 125 W. ultra-violet lamp.

The scatterers were detected using a Kelvin and Hughes recording echo-sounder, type 22.

The traces on both occasions were of the confused type caused by a number of different organisms, apparently lying between 20 and 60 m. and 8 and 30 m. respectively.

The responses of the different organisms to the ultra-violet light as shown by the components of the traces are described and their speeds of reaction calculated.

The types of organisms causing the traces are suggested.

Apart from the extensive egg surveys carried out by Norwegian workers (Runnstrom, 1941) most of the investigations on the spawning of the Atlantic Herring have depended on studies of the distribution of the spawning fish, on captures of newly hatched larvae, and on records of the occurrence of herring eggs in the stomachs of predatory fish species (principally haddock). With the exception of recent observations by Bolster and Bridger (1957), attempts to sample egg concentrations quantitatively in the North Sea and neighbouring areas have usually proved abortive. In consequence little is known of the distribution and density of eggs on the spawning grounds, their percentage fertilization, mortality during the egg stage, hatching rate, and the relationship between the distribution of eggs and the nature of the sea-bed.

This work is the result of a survey done in 1969 prior to the breakup of united Pakistan into Pakistan and Bangladesh. The author conducted the survey among groups he categorizes as ulama, East Pakistani professionals, and West Pakistani professionals. The questionnaire and the results are included in appendixes.

It seems almost axiomatic to state that the 1970 elections in Pakistan produced a revolution through the ballot box. In the Punjab and East Pakistan, large victories—in terms of seats won—were given respectively to two political parties (the People's Party and the Awami League) which based their platforms on essentially secular issues and which were able to rout those groupings rooted largely in religiopolitical programs. In the other provinces of West Pakistan the picture was less clear. While in the Punjab traditional land-based elites were defeated, the People's Party win in the Sind appeared to be an amalgam of secular, economic issues with traditional strengths of the landed wadera class. In Baluchistan and the Frontier, both the results and the means by which they were attained were mixed.