This chapter assessed sustainability and resilience of eleven farming systems in their current situation, as well as in hypothetical future systems, using qualitative and quantitative methods. The assessment shows that current farming systems address sustainability dimensions in an unbalanced way and are characterized by poor resilience. Future resilient systems are imagined to promote environmental and social functions in the long term.

This chapter explores the current and future resilience of the small, mixed farming systems in the Nord-Est region of Romania. The chapter shows how the agricultural system, which has already undergone a major transformation after the collapse of communism in the 1990s, continues to reorganize and to adapt to the new conditions of the market economy and to respond to the new challenges induced by it.

This chapter aims to formulate principles and recommendations for an enabling environment that fosters resilience of farming systems. Principles have been derived from archetypical patterns identified in the various case studies on how actions in the enabling environment tend to constrain the resilience of farming systems.