Plasma Flt3-ligand as a prognostic bio-indicator of radiation-induced bone marrow damage.Following an accidental irradiation, the choice between different therapeutic strategies mainly depends upon the estimated radiation-induced bone marrow damage. It was shown recently that the serum concentration of Flt3-ligand (FL), a cytokine mainly acting on immature haemopoietic cells, is highly elevated in either acquired or induced bone marrow aplasia. This suggested to us that FL measurement could be used as a bio-indicator of radiation-induced bone marrow damage. In order to verify this hypothesis, studies were conducted in a non human primate model as well as in humans undergoing radio and/or chemotherapy. Results showed that the increase in FL concentration on day 5 after irradiation is predictive of the evolution of the haemopoietic syndrome. Similar results were obtained in humans. Overall these results suggested that FL measurement could be used as a reliable bio-indicator of radiation-induced bone marrow damage in accidental irradiation situations.