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  • Insights from the evaluations of the NIH Centers for Accelerated Innovation and Research Evaluation and Commercialization Hubs programs
  • Benjamin J. Anderson, Olena Leonchuk, Alan C. O’Connor, Brooke K. Shaw, Amanda C. Walsh
  • Journal: Journal of Clinical and Translational Science / Volume 6 / Issue 1 / 2022
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 22 November 2021, e7
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    Background:

    The National Institutes of Health launched the NIH Centers for Accelerated Innovation and the Research Evaluation and Commercialization Hubs programs to develop approaches and strategies to promote academic entrepreneurship and translate research discoveries into products and tools to help patients. The two programs collectively funded 11 sites at individual research institutions or consortia of institutions around the United States. Sites provided funding, project management, and coaching to funded investigators and commercialization education programs open to their research communities.

    Methods:

    We implemented an evaluation program that included longitudinal tracking of funded technology development projects and commercialization outcomes; interviews with site teams, funded investigators, and relevant institutional and innovation ecosystem stakeholders and analysis and review of administrative data.

    Results:

    As of May 2021, interim results for 366 funded projects show that technologies have received nearly $1.7 billion in follow-on funding to-date. There were 88 start-ups formed, a 40% Small Business Innovation Research/Small Business Technology Transfer application success rate, and 17 licenses with small and large businesses. Twelve technologies are currently in clinical testing and three are on the market.

    Conclusions:

    Best practices used by the sites included leadership teams using milestone-based project management, external advisory boards that evaluated funding applications for commercial merit as well as scientific, sustained engagement with the academic community about commercialization in an effort to shift attitudes about commercialization, application processes synced with education programs, and the provision of project managers with private-sector product development expertise to coach funded investigators.

  • Quetiapine for Mania Due to Traumatic Brain Injury
  • Timothy J. Oster, C. Alan Anderson, Christopher M. Filley, Hal S. Wortzel, David B. Arciniegas
  • Journal: CNS Spectrums / Volume 12 / Issue 10 / October 2007
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 07 November 2014, pp. 764-769
  • View abstract

    Secondary mania develops in as many as 9% of persons with traumatic brain injuries.The treatment of posttraumatic mania is not well defined, and agents traditionally used for the treatment of idiopathic manic episodes may not be well suited for use among individuals with traumatic brain injuries. Atypical antipsychotics are indicated for the treatment of idiopathic bipolar disorder, and have been used for other purposes among individuals with posttraumatic neuropsychiatric disturbances. This article offers the first description of the treatment of posttraumatic mania using the atypical antipsychotic quetiapine. Beneficial effects of this agent on posttraumatic mania, cognitive impairments, and functional disability in the subacute post-injury period are described. Possible mechanisms of action are discussed and the need for additional investigation of quetiapine for posttraumatic mania is highlighted.

  • 6 - Arousal
  • from Section I - Structural and Functional Neuroanatomy
  • Edited by David B. Arciniegas, C. Alan Anderson, Christopher M. Filley
  • Book: Behavioral Neurology & Neuropsychiatry
  • Published online: 05 February 2013
  • Print publication: 24 January 2013, pp 88-97
  • View extract

    Summary

    The arousal system involves multiple distributed neural networks working in harmony to permit normal sleep-wake cycles, satisfy internal drive states, and respond to environmental demands. Disorders of arousal involve pathology of the brainstem, thalamus, or widespread areas of both cerebral hemispheres. A parallel series of distinct neural networks using dopamine, histamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and norepinephrine as neurotransmitters originates in the brainstem. Brain death represents the most severe disturbance of arousal, with total and irreversible cessation of any brain function. Coma is the state of neurological unconsciousness exhibited by unarousable unawareness of the external environment that is due to extensive damage to or depressed function of both cerebral hemispheres, bilateral diencephalic structures, or the ascending reticular activating system. A specific rehabilitative strategy is coma stimulation, in which structured sensory stimulation is administered for the purposes of improving sensory awareness and facilitating improvements in arousal and awareness.
  • Section III - Treatments in Behavioral Neurology & Neuropsychiatry
  • Edited by David B. Arciniegas, C. Alan Anderson, Christopher M. Filley
  • Book: Behavioral Neurology & Neuropsychiatry
  • Published online: 05 February 2013
  • Print publication: 24 January 2013, pp 498-648
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    Summary

    This chapter presents an overview of the mental status examination, its core elements, and its most commonly used methods. The mental status examination focuses on cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and related sensorimotor functions and their disturbances - i.e., neuropsychiatric symptoms, signs, and syndromes. Through observation, interview, and testing, the mental status examination identifies the symptoms and signs of structural and/or functional disturbances of the brain. Neuropsychiatric symptoms and signs are sometimes categorized as positive or negative. Atypical clinical presentations sometimes are neurological condition-specific variants of typical neuropsychiatric syndromes. The observational components of the mental status examination are undertaken at the first moment of any form of contact with a patient and continue throughout the entire clinical encounter. Observation continues throughout the clinical interview, during which the examiner attends to the patient's appearance, behavior, statements, manner of communicating, and interpersonal interactions with examiner.
  • 1 - Introduction
  • Edited by David B. Arciniegas, C. Alan Anderson, Christopher M. Filley
  • Book: Behavioral Neurology & Neuropsychiatry
  • Published online: 05 February 2013
  • Print publication: 24 January 2013, pp 1-11
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    Summary

    Neurology and psychiatry are securely established medical specialties with well-demarcated areas of clinical and research expertise. Behavioral neurology (BN) is widely held to have begun with the work of Norman Geschwind in the mid-twentieth century. A neuropsychiatric approach to patient care began to reemerge and steadily gain momentum as physicians increasingly appreciated the neurologic bases of psychiatric disease and the psychiatric aspects of neurologic disease. The prospect of BN and neuropsychiatry (NP) drawing together finds considerable support in academia. Annual scholarly meetings are held conjointly by the Society for Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology and the American Neuropsychiatric Association in order to disseminate new research findings and educate practitioners. Traumatic brain injury occupies a major portion of the practice of many subspecialists in BN&NP and additional studies are needed to better define the best methods of neurorehabilitation.
  • Section I - Structural and Functional Neuroanatomy
  • Edited by David B. Arciniegas, C. Alan Anderson, Christopher M. Filley
  • Book: Behavioral Neurology & Neuropsychiatry
  • Published online: 05 February 2013
  • Print publication: 24 January 2013, pp 12-309
  • View extract

    Summary

    This chapter focuses on aspects of structural and functional neuroanatomy relevant to Behavioral Neurology & Neuropsychiatry (BN&NP). It considers the general structure of the brain from the brainstem through the cerebral cortex, including a review of white matter anatomy, the cerebral vasculature, and the ventricular system. The brainstem comprises the medulla oblongata, pons and cerebellum, and midbrain. Each of these areas and the neurobehaviorally salient structures they contain are reviewed briefly in the chapter. The reticular formation (which is contributed to by several brainstem substructures) and the cranial nerves (some, but not all, of which are located within the brainstem) also are discussed in the chapter. The diencephalon includes the thalamus, metathalamus (medial and lateral geniculate nuclei), epithalamus (habenula, stria medullaris, and pineal body), and subthalamus. The chapter considers briefly the thalamus, hypothalamus (and pituitary), and the epithalamus.
Behavioral Neurology & Neuropsychiatry
  • Behavioral Neurology & Neuropsychiatry
  • Edited by David B. Arciniegas, C. Alan Anderson, Christopher M. Filley
  • Published online: 05 February 2013
  • Print publication: 24 January 2013
  • View description
    The merger of behavioral neurology and neuropsychiatry into a single medical subspecialty, Behavioral Neurology & Neuropsychiatry, requires an understanding of brain-behavior relationships and a clinical approach that transcends the traditional perspectives of neurology and psychiatry. Designed as a primer of concepts and principles, and authored by a multidisciplinary group of internationally known clinical neuroscientists, this book divides into three sections:Structural and Functional Neuroanatomy (Section I) addresses the neuroanatomy and phenomenology of cognition, emotion, and behaviorClinical Assessment (Section II) describes neuropsychiatric history taking, neurological and mental status examinations, neuropsychological assessment, and neuroimaging, electrophysiologic, and laboratory methodsTreatment (Section III) discusses environmental, behavioral, rehabilitative, psychological, social, pharmacological, and procedural interventions for cognitive, emotional, and behavioral disorders.By emphasizing the principles of Behavioral Neurology & Neuropsychiatry, this book will improve your understanding of brain-behavior relationships and inform your care of patients and families affected by neurobehavioral disorders.
  • 2 - Behavioralneuroanatomy
  • from Section I - Structural and Functional Neuroanatomy
  • Edited by David B. Arciniegas, C. Alan Anderson, Christopher M. Filley
  • Book: Behavioral Neurology & Neuropsychiatry
  • Published online: 05 February 2013
  • Print publication: 24 January 2013, pp 12-31
  • View extract

    Summary

    This chapter focuses on aspects of structural and functional neuroanatomy relevant to Behavioral Neurology & Neuropsychiatry (BN&NP). It considers the general structure of the brain from the brainstem through the cerebral cortex, including a review of white matter anatomy, the cerebral vasculature, and the ventricular system. The brainstem comprises the medulla oblongata, pons and cerebellum, and midbrain. Each of these areas and the neurobehaviorally salient structures they contain are reviewed briefly in the chapter. The reticular formation (which is contributed to by several brainstem substructures) and the cranial nerves (some, but not all, of which are located within the brainstem) also are discussed in the chapter. The diencephalon includes the thalamus, metathalamus (medial and lateral geniculate nuclei), epithalamus (habenula, stria medullaris, and pineal body), and subthalamus. The chapter considers briefly the thalamus, hypothalamus (and pituitary), and the epithalamus.
  • 38 - Proceduralinterventions
  • from Section III - Treatments in Behavioral Neurology & Neuropsychiatry
  • Edited by David B. Arciniegas, C. Alan Anderson, Christopher M. Filley
  • Book: Behavioral Neurology & Neuropsychiatry
  • Published online: 05 February 2013
  • Print publication: 24 January 2013, pp 627-648
  • View abstract

    Summary

    Magnetoencephalography (MEG) systems use superconducting electronics and magnetic shielding to detect the magnetic fields generated by synaptic neuronal activity. This chapter focuses on two types of quantitative analyses of human electrophysiological data: spectral analysis methods and evoked potentials. Spectral analysis of Electroencephalography (EEG) and MEG signals across multiple sensor locations reveals clear spatial patterns. EEG and MEG activity can be subdivided into three major subdivisions: spontaneous activity, evoked responses, and induced responses. Evoked responses are time domain averages across multiple trials of a repeating stimulus or response. Electroencephalographic and MEG methods based on time-frequency transformation are usually concerned with capturing changes in the brain's oscillatory phenomena produced by stimuli, mental events, or responses. A valid measure of connectivity between regions of the brain engaged in the same cognitive process or behavior is among the most highly prized uses of EEG and MEG data.

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