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15 results

  • Fascism and the Führerprinzip: The Austrian Example

  • Bruce F. Pauley
  • Journal:
    Central European History / Volume 12 / Issue 3 / September 1979
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    16 December 2008, pp. 272-296
    Print publication:
    September 1979

  • Although Gilbert Allardyce's recent article in the American Historical Review is useful in reminding us of “What Fascism Is Not,” even he recognizes the Führerprinzip, or leadership principle, as one of the few ideas common to all fascist movements in Europe during the interwar years. The fascists had little difficulty in deciding what they were against: “Marxism,” liberalism, parliamentarianism, individualism, and often, but not always, Judaism. They could also agree that they favored such vague and general ideas as a “‘new world,’ love of power and the dramatic appeal of youth, elite consciousness and mass influence, revolutionary ardor and veneration of tradition.” They were ultranationalistic and hoped to reunite their socially divided people into “people's communities.” In common with many nonfascist regimes they limited civil liberties and tolerated the existence of only one, all-encompassing political party. They stressed emotion and sentiment over reason, action instead of words, violence in place of peace.

  • A Case Study in Fascism: The Styrian Heimatschutz and Austrian National Socialism1

  • Bruce F. Pauley
  • Journal:
    Austrian History Yearbook / Volume 12 / Issue 1 / January 1976
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    10 February 2009, pp. 251-273
    Print publication:
    January 1976

  • Until recently students of fascism have paid relatively little attention to Austria. This neglect is unfortunate since the country's geographic position exposed it to the crosscurrents of both Italian and German forms of fascism and made Austria a kind of microcosm of European fascism. The struggle between Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy for control of the small Alpine Republic was reflected in Austria in the conflict between the pro-Italian Heimwehr and the pro-German Austrian National Socialist Party.