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65 results

Page 1 of 4

  • The First Genocide: Carthage, 146 BC

  • Ben Kiernan
  • Journal:
    Diogenes / Volume 51 / Issue 3 / August 2004
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    28 February 2024, pp. 27-39
    • Article
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  • Some features of the ideology motivating the Roman destruction of Carthage in 146 BC have surprisingly modern echoes in 20th-century genocides. Racial, religious or cultural prejudices, gender and other social hierarchies, territorial expansionism, and an idealization of cultivation all characterize the thinking of Cato the Censor, like that of more recent perpetrators. The tragedy of Carthage, its details lost with most of the works of Livy and other ancient authors, and concealed behind allegory in Virgil's Aeneid, became known to early modern Europeans from briefer ancient accounts rediscovered only in the 15th century, as Europe's own expansion began.

The Cambridge World History of Genocide
  • Volume 2, Genocide in the Indigenous, Early Modern and Imperial Worlds, from c.1535 to World War One
  • Edited by Ned Blackhawk, Ben Kiernan, Benjamin Madley, Rebe Taylor
  • General editor Ben Kiernan
  • Published online:
    23 June 2023
    Print publication:
    04 May 2023
  • Volume II documents and analyses genocide and extermination throughout the early modern and modern eras. It tracks their global expansion as European and Asian imperialisms, and Euroamerican settler colonialism, spread across the globe before the Great War, forging new frontiers and impacting Indigenous communities in Europe, Asia, North America, Africa, and Australia. Twenty-five historians with expertise on specific regions explore examples on five continents, providing comparisons of nine cases of conventional imperialism with nineteen of settler colonialism, and offering a substantial basis for assessing the various factors leading to genocide. This volume also considers cases where genocide did not occur, permitting a global consideration of the role of imperialism and settler-Indigenous relations from the sixteenth to the early twentieth centuries. It ends with six pre-1918 cases from Australia, China, the Middle East, Africa, and Europe that can be seen as 'premonitions' of the major twentieth-century genocides in Europe and Asia.

  • Introduction to Volume III

  • Edited by Ben Kiernan, Yale University, Connecticut, Wendy Lower, Claremont McKenna College, California, Norman Naimark, Stanford University, California, Scott Straus, University of California, Berkeley
  • Book:
    The Cambridge World History of Genocide
    Published online:
    23 June 2023
    Print publication:
    04 May 2023, pp 1-28

  • Summary

    In October 1945 the Nazi defendants at Nuremberg were charged, for the first time in international law, with ‘genocide’. The Nuremberg indictments included, under war crimes, ‘deliberate and systematic genocide, viz., the extermination of racial and national groups, against the civilian populations of certain occupied territories in order to destroy particular races and classes of people and national, racial, or religious groups, particularly Jews, Poles, and Gypsies and others’.1

  • General Editor’s Introduction to the Series

  • Edited by Ben Kiernan, Yale University, Connecticut, T. M. Lemos, Huron University College, University of Western Ontario, Tristan S. Taylor, University of New England, Australia
  • General editor Ben Kiernan, Yale University, Connecticut
  • Book:
    The Cambridge World History of Genocide
    Published online:
    23 June 2023
    Print publication:
    04 May 2023, pp 1-30

  • Summary

    Genocide has a way of imposing silence. Part of its purpose is to erase history, and human voices. This series of three volumes aims to contribute to breaking the silence that so often follows genocidal outbreaks. These volumes attempt to document and understand this global phenomenon. The term “genocide,” as a way of describing the “practice of extermination of nations and ethnic groups,” was coined in 1943, when Raphael Lemkin (1900-1959) penned the preface to his 1944 book Axis Rule in Occupied Europe. Five years later the United Nations General Assembly unanimously adopted the Genocide Convention. But Lemkin considered genocide to have much older roots. He had set about writing – but did not complete before his death – a three-volume history of genocide from ancient times, in which he argued that the phenomenon had “followed humanity throughout history.”

  • 22 - The Genocides in Cambodia, 1975–1979

  • from Part III - The Nation-State System during the Cold War
  • Edited by Ben Kiernan, Yale University, Connecticut, Wendy Lower, Claremont McKenna College, California, Norman Naimark, Stanford University, California, Scott Straus, University of California, Berkeley
  • Book:
    The Cambridge World History of Genocide
    Published online:
    23 June 2023
    Print publication:
    04 May 2023, pp 518-549

  • Summary

    In 2018, the UN-sponsored Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC) found that Pol Pot’s Khmer Rouge regime had perpetrated two genocides while in power from 1975 to 1979. The Trial Chamber of the ECCC’s hybrid international-national court in Phnom Penh convicted the two surviving top leaders of that regime. Both Nuon Chea, Pol Pot’s number 2, and Khieu Samphan, the regime’s head of state from 1976 to 1979, were found guilty of the genocide of Cambodia’s ethnic Vietnamese minority. Samphan thus became the first head of state to be convicted of genocide in an international court. The Trial Chamber also found Nuon Chea guilty of the genocide of the country’s ethnic Cham Muslim minority.1 The ECCC had previously, in 2014, convicted both men of crimes against humanity for the persecution and mass murder of members of their country’s Khmer majority population, and they were already serving life sentences in Phnom Penh.2

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