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29 results

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  • An Open-Cell Environmental Transmission Electron Microscopy Technique for In Situ Characterization of Samples in Aqueous Liquid Solutions
  • Barnaby D.A. Levin, Diane Haiber, Qianlang Liu, Peter A. Crozier
  • Journal: Microscopy and Microanalysis / Volume 26 / Issue 1 / February 2020
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 17 January 2020, pp. 134-138
  • Print publication: February 2020
  • View abstract

    The desire to image specimens in liquids has led to the development of open-cell and closed-cell techniques in transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The closed-cell approach is currently more common in TEM and has yielded new insights into a number of biological and materials processes in liquid environments. The open-cell approach, which requires an environmental TEM (ETEM), is technically challenging but may be advantageous in certain circumstances due to fewer restrictions on specimen and detector geometry. Here, we demonstrate a novel approach to open-cell liquid TEM, in which we use salt particles to facilitate the in situ formation of droplets of aqueous solution that envelope specimen particles coloaded with the salt. This is achieved by controlling sample temperature between 1 and 10°C and introducing water vapor to the ETEM chamber above the critical pressure for the formation of liquid water on the salt particles. Our use of in situ hydration enables specimens to be loaded into a microscope in a dry state using standard 3 mm TEM grids, allowing specimens to be prepared using trivial sample preparation techniques. Our future aim will be to combine this technique with an in situ light source to study photocorrosion in aqueous environments.

  • Approaches to Exploring Spatio-Temporal Surface Dynamics in Nanoparticles with In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy
  • Ethan L. Lawrence, Barnaby D.A. Levin, Benjamin K. Miller, Peter A. Crozier
  • Journal: Microscopy and Microanalysis / Volume 26 / Issue 1 / February 2020
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 20 December 2019, pp. 86-94
  • Print publication: February 2020
  • View abstract

    Many nanoparticles in fields such as heterogeneous catalysis undergo surface structural fluctuations during chemical reactions, which may control functionality. These dynamic structural changes may be ideally investigated with time-resolved in situ electron microscopy. We have explored approaches for extracting quantitative information from large time-resolved image data sets with a low signal to noise recorded with a direct electron detector on an aberration-corrected transmission electron microscope. We focus on quantitatively characterizing beam-induced dynamic structural rearrangements taking place on the surface of CeO2 (ceria). A 2D Gaussian fitting procedure is employed to determine the position and occupancy of each atomic column in the nanoparticle with a temporal resolution of 2.5 ms and a spatial precision of 0.25 Å. Local rapid lattice expansions/contractions and atomic migration were revealed to occur on the (100) surface, whereas (111) surfaces were relatively stable throughout the experiment. The application of this methodology to other materials will provide new insights into the behavior of nanoparticle surface reconstructions that were previously inaccessible using other methods, which will have important consequences for the understanding of dynamic structure–property relationships.

  • Probing Local Structures and Disorder in Graphitic Carbon Nitrides
  • Diane M. Haiber, Barnaby D.A. Levin, Peter A. Crozier
  • Journal: Microscopy and Microanalysis / Volume 25 / Issue S2 / August 2019
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 August 2019, pp. 1690-1691
  • Print publication: August 2019
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