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33 results

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  • Local Order, Policing, and Bribes: Evidence from India

  • Juan Fernando Tellez, Erik Wibbels, Anirudh Krishna
  • Journal:
    World Politics / Volume 72 / Issue 3 / July 2020
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    10 June 2020, pp. 377-410
    Print publication:
    July 2020

  • Day-to-day policing represents a fundamental interface between citizens and states. Yet even in the most capable states, local policing varies enormously from one community to the next. The authors seek to understand this variation and in doing so make three contributions: First, they conceptualize communities and individuals as networks more or less capable of demanding high-quality policing. Second, they present original survey data and semistructured interviews on local policing from over one hundred sixty slums, eight thousand households, and one hundred seventy informal neighborhood leaders in India that contribute to the nascent empirical work on comparative policing and order. Third, they find evidence that well-connected individuals and densely connected neighborhoods express greater confidence in and satisfaction with local policing. Critically, these differences do not appear to be a function of a lower propensity for local conflict but rather of an increased capacity to leverage neighborhood leaders to mediate relations with the police. The combination of analytics and empirics in this article provides insight into the conditions under which individuals and communities experience the police as expropriators of rents or neutral providers of order.

The Broken Ladder
  • The Paradox and Potential of India's One-Billion
  • Anirudh Krishna
  • Published online:
    30 August 2017
    Print publication:
    07 August 2017
  • Despite becoming a global economic force, why does India win so few Olympic medals and have so many people living in poverty? Why have opportunities not become available more broadly? How can growing individuals assist with the task of building a growing economy? Krishna presents a refreshingly unusual perspective of emergent realities, drawing on the stories of everyday lives, of people like you and me and those less privileged. Through decades-long investigations, living in villages and slum communities, the author presents eye-opening details of missed opportunities and immense untapped talent that can be harnessed, with tremendous consequences for equity and growth. Offering possible solutions for inequality and those in need, The Broken Ladder is a comprehensive and fascinating account of development strategies in a fast-growing, yet largely agrarian, developing economy.

  • 6 - Conclusion: Implications for Policy and Research

  • Edited by Anirudh Krishna, Duke University, North Carolina
  • Book:
    Poverty, Participation, and Democracy
    Published online:
    14 May 2010
    Print publication:
    21 July 2008, pp 147-160

  • Summary

    Since the mid-twentieth century academic and intellectual understandings of the role of mass publics in democracy has been Schumpeterian in its conclusion that extensive political participation by the poor or the working classes would be antithetical to democracy. This worldview arose from three major strains of research that informed and reinforced each other. One built on the rise of authoritarian politics in Europe between the first and second World Wars, a paradigm that attributed antidemocratic values to mass publics. Analysts concluded that should mass publics participate extensively in politics, authoritarian regimes would be the inevitable outcome, because the values and attitudes of poor people would foster such an outcome (Adorno et al. 1950; Lipset 1960, 1981; Schumpeter 1943). Later research on voting and citizen attitudes in the West concluded that working classes tended not to participate in politics as much as those of higher socioeconomic status (Almond and Verba 1963; Campbell et al. 1960; Milbraith 1965; Verba and Nie 1972; Verba, Nie, and Kim 1978). Third, research on the impact of development on regime type linked the emergence of democracy to economic modernization and prosperity (Almond and Verba 1963; Apter 1965; Lerner 1958). These findings combined into a worldview holding that the poor tend to hold authoritarian rather than democratic values; normally, they are rather politically inert. From these suppositions, it was deduced that only by reducing the political import of the poor – that is, by minimizing the political engagement of the poor while working, first, to increase the wealth of whole societies – democracy would be better assured of stability in the future.

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