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5 results

  • 5.4 - Occupational Stress and Traumatic Stress

  • from Part V - Civil Proceedings
  • Edited by Jennifer M. Brown, London School of Economics and Political Science, Miranda A. H. Horvath
  • Book: The Cambridge Handbook of Forensic Psychology
  • Published online: 02 December 2021
  • Print publication: 09 December 2021, pp 697-715

  • Summary

    This chapter reviews the evidence, theories, and treatments for both occupational and traumatic stress commonly experienced by criminal justice service workers (i.e., police, corrections workers, etc). Due to the nature and structure of their work, criminal justice service workers are at a high-risk of experiencing occupational stress and/or traumatic stress, and this chapter reviews the effective treatment options to counter these stress experiences. The chapter identifies the key causes (antecedents) of both occupational and traumatic stress for criminal justice service workers, and the symptoms and consequences these experiences commonly produce. We also discuss the key theoretical explanations of these stress experiences, and issues such as vicarious trauma, moral injury and chronic stress reactions. The final section in this chapter discusses common interventions and treatments to manage these stress experiences, including: Employee Assistance Programs, Critical Incident Stress Management, peer support, psychological first-aid, the first responder toolkit, and acceptance and commitment therapy.

  • Epidemiology of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Utilization in Four Indian Emergency Departments

  • Olindi Wijesekera, Amanda Reed, Parker S. Chastain, Shauna Biggs, Elizabeth G. Clark, Tamorish Kole, Anoop T. Chakrapani, Nandy Ashish, Prasad Rajhans, Alan H. Breaud, Gabrielle A. Jacquet
  • Journal: Prehospital and Disaster Medicine / Volume 31 / Issue 6 / December 2016
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 19 September 2016, pp. 675-679
  • Print publication: December 2016
  • Introduction

    Without a universal Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system in India, data on the epidemiology of patients who utilize EMS are limited. This retrospective chart review aimed to quantify and describe the burden of disease and patient demographics of patients who arrived by EMS to four Indian emergency departments (EDs) in order to inform a national EMS curriculum.

    Methods

    A retrospective chart review was performed on patients transported by EMS over a three-month period in 2014 to four private EDs in India. A total of 17,541 patient records were sampled from the four sites over the study period. Of these records, 1,723 arrived by EMS and so were included for further review.

    Results

    A range of 1.4%-19.4% of ED patients utilized EMS to get to the ED. The majority of EMS patients were male (59%-64%) and adult or geriatric (93%-99%). The most common chief complaints and ED diagnoses were neurological, pulmonary, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, trauma, and infectious disease.

    Conclusions

    Neurological, pulmonary, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, trauma, and infectious disease are the most common problems found in patients transported by EMS in India. Adult and geriatric male patients are the most common EMS utilizers. Emergency Medical Services curricula should emphasize these knowledge areas and skills.

    WijesekeraO, ReedA, ChastainPS, BiggsS, ClarkEG, KoleT, ChakrapaniAT, AshishN, RajhansP, BreaudAH, JacquetGA. Epidemiology of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Utilization in Four Indian Emergency Departments. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(6):675–679.

  • 6.12 - Occupational stress in police and prison staff

  • from Part VI - Special topics
  • Edited by Jennifer M. Brown, London School of Economics and Political Science, Elizabeth A. Campbell, University of Glasgow
  • Book: The Cambridge Handbook of Forensic Psychology
  • Published online: 06 July 2010
  • Print publication: 29 April 2010, pp 707-717

  • Summary

    This chapter discusses specific elements of job demands, control and support commonly associated with occupational stress for police and prison workers. It first presents antecedents of occupational stress which can be classified into eight categories. The psychological impact of acute stressors (traumatic events) is well documented. The consequences of chronic occupational stress (daily hassles) in police and prison officers are also well established and span four categories of individual outcomes: physiological, psychological, social and behavioural; these are discussed in the chapter. Common moderators of occupational stress include perceived levels of support and job control, gender, age and personality characteristics such as neuroticism. Police and prison services most commonly use individual-level secondary and tertiary interventions, usually peer-support officers or trained professionals, to manage stress within the service. Two of the most common stress management strategies are Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) and Employee Assistance Programmes (EAPs).