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73 results

Page 1 of 4

  • A Scato-sexual Message: The Secundinus Stone with Phallus from Vindolanda

  • Alexander Meyer, Alex Mullen, Joonas Vanhala
  • Journal:
    Britannia / Volume 54 / November 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    06 September 2023, pp. 305-320
    Print publication:
    November 2023
    • Article
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  • The Secundinus stone, with its combination of carved phallus and text, was found in 2022 in excavations within the stone fort at Vindolanda. We consider comparanda for the imagery from Vindolanda, Britannia and further afield, and textual parallels particularly from Pompeii. We offer several possible interpretations of the object and prefer an analysis which takes the text, SECVNDINVS CACOR, as it is carved. This interpretation would add an otherwise unattested verbal form to the Latin scato-sexual vocabulary.

  • 3 - Language Shift, Attitudes and Management in the Roman West

  • Edited by Aneta Pavlenko, University of York
  • Book:
    Multilingualism and History
    Published online:
    20 April 2023
    Print publication:
    27 April 2023, pp 71-89

  • Summary

    To explain Latinization of the Roman West, scholars have long searched for evidence of a language policy mandating the use of Latin. They have found none under the Principate. The Roman centre was not interested in policies involving all its subjects, and elite Romans were uninterested in languages other than Latin and Greek and had no concerns about their use, as long as the Empire’s functioning remained intact. Indeed, it is not clear that any such policy would have made much sense for provincials in illiterate and translingual environments. However, though there may not have been an Empire-wide policy of Latinization, there were certainly language ideologies and multiple narrowly focused facets of language management concerning the use of Latin and Greek in the running of the Empire.

  • Gender Bias and the Journal of Roman Studies: JRS EDITORIAL BOARD

  • Christopher Kelly, Peter Thonemann, Barbara Borg, Julia Hillner, Myles Lavan, Neville Morley, Alex Mullen, Silvia Orlandi, Emily Pillinger, Jonathan Prag, Henriette van der Blom, Christopher Whitton
  • Journal:
    The Journal of Roman Studies / Volume 109 / November 2019
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    23 October 2019, pp. 441-448
    Print publication:
    November 2019
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  • Reflecting on present unease about structural biases in the discipline, and aiming to offer a data-rich response to some recent criticisms of this Journal, the Editorial Board has undertaken a study of the representation of female scholars in the Journal of Roman Studies. To that end, we have gathered data on publications, submissions and JRS Editorial Board membership for the past fifteen years, from Volume 95 (2005) through to the present volume, Volume 109 (2019). The data are set out in the final section (VII), following a brief review of the main results. Our goal here is neither to present a definitive analysis, nor to offer a commentary on the underlying causes of the patterns revealed (on which we expect much fruitful discussion elsewhere). Rather, the JRS Editorial Board aims to make key data available both to inform a much wider debate within the profession as a whole and, importantly, to inform this Journal’s policies, procedures and active outreach. The Board is also acutely aware that any analysis of gender bias needs to be framed carefully — both by an awareness that there are other under-represented groups in the discipline (on which our data in their current form would regrettably only offer a most imperfect picture), and by a sensitivity to the limitations of a conception of gender as a simple binary.

The Language of Roman Letters
  • Bilingual Epistolography from Cicero to Fronto
  • Olivia Elder, Alex Mullen
  • Published online:
    26 September 2019
    Print publication:
    03 October 2019
  • Roman letters demonstrate that language has imperium: the power to resolve problems, to negotiate relationships and to construct identities. This book combines sociolinguistic and historical approaches to explore how that power is deployed by the bilingual elite of the Roman Republic and Empire, offering the first systematic analysis of Greek code-switches in the letters of Cicero, Pliny, Marcus Aurelius and Fronto and in the Lives of Suetonius. Greek was a subtle tool within Latin epistolary communication, and an analysis of letter writers' bilingual practices reveals their manipulation of language to manage relationships between peers and across hierarchical or political divides, uncovering the workings of politics and society. Comparative analysis of Roman and modern code-switching contributes to the debate on how bilingual strategies in letters evolve and how they relate to oral and literary language. The language of letters illuminates the Roman world and its entanglements with Greek language and culture.

  • Landscape, Monumentality and Expression of Group Identities in Iron Age and Roman East Kent

  • Lacey Wallace, Alex Mullen
  • Journal:
    Britannia / Volume 50 / November 2019
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    20 June 2019, pp. 75-108
    Print publication:
    November 2019

  • The Canterbury Hinterland Project (CHP) has combined aerial photographic and LiDAR analysis, synthesis of HER and other data across east Kent with targeted survey south and east of Canterbury. We present possible hillforts, temples, large enclosures, a major trackway, linking paths, burials and high-status Roman-period complexes and argue that people organised the landscape to communicate meaning in two main ways: a ‘public’ face oriented towards the Dover–Canterbury road and expressions of ritual and remembrance for local groups. The character of this rural population has traditionally been understood in terms of its relationship to the civitas capital and villas; we look beyond this to examine a more detailed vision of possible social interactions.

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