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4 results

  • Authors' reply

  • Belinda R. Lennox, Alasdair J. Coles, Angela Vincent
  • Journal: The British Journal of Psychiatry / Volume 201 / Issue 1 / July 2012
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 02 January 2018, p. 74
  • Print publication: July 2012
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  • Antibody-mediated encephalitis: a treatable cause of schizophrenia

  • Belinda R. Lennox, Alasdair J. Coles, Angela Vincent
  • Journal: The British Journal of Psychiatry / Volume 200 / Issue 2 / February 2012
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 02 January 2018, pp. 92-94
  • Print publication: February 2012
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  • Psychiatrists need to be vigilant for the newly recognised and treatable disorder of antibody-mediated encephalitis. Psychiatric symptoms are common, and individuals with the disorder often present initially to psychiatric services. We describe the clinical features of the disorder and make recommendations for further investigations.

  • 32 - Alemtuzumab to treat multiple sclerosis

  • from Section III - Clinical trials of multiple sclerosis therapies
  • Edited by Jeffrey A. Cohen, Richard A. Rudick
  • Book: Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics
  • Published online: 05 December 2011
  • Print publication: 20 October 2011, pp 393-398

  • Summary

    In vitro, two different classes of antibodies are recognized according to the assay used to identify them: binding antibodies (BAbs) and neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). There is emerging agreement that NAbs are correlated with reduced therapeutic efficacy of IFNβ. None of the pivotal trials in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) showed an effect of NAbs on disease progression. Among the therapeutic monoclonal antibodies natalizumab, alemtuzumab, and daclizumab are humanized monoclonal antibodies, whereas rituximab is a mouse-human chimeric antibody. NAbs are associated with reduction of the therapeutic effect of IFNβ, and patients with persistent high titers of NAbs should be switched to an alternative therapy. Patients with low or intermediate titers should have their IFN bioactivity measured with an in vivo mRNA MxA induction test. Patients with repeated abrogation of the mRNA MxA response to IFN injections should be switched to another therapy.