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15 results

  • 5 - From Inflamm-Aging to Immunosenescence

  • from Part I - Biomedical Aspects
  • Edited by Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Athanase Benetos, Jean-Marie Robine
  • Book: The Cambridge Handbook of Successful Aging
  • Published online: 10 January 2019
  • Print publication: 24 January 2019, pp 53-65

  • Summary

    Aging is a complex process which occurs with various speeds in all vertebrate species. So far, most of the studies aiming at understanding of the mechanisms of human aging have involved animal models; recently it became evident that if we would like to better understand the aging in humans we should study it in humans. There are several theories to capture the process of aging, which have a common denominator of age-dependent loss of multiple bodily functions. However, it seems now very important to change this paradigm and to reconsider aging as a process of multidirectional dysregulation of many systems either intertwined or in parallel. The immune system is not an exception. The immune changes during aging are the consequence of the body immunological history reflecting continuous challenges by various antigenic aggressions. Both parts of the immune response are reacting but aging differentially. Thus, the sum of the immune changes reflects the continuous adaptations and remodelling either in increase or in decrease. Inflammaging and immunosenescence are the same but the two sides of the medal as one cannot exist without the other. The immune changes in connection with the neuroendocrine system importantly contribute to the health and disease associated with aging.

  • Forewords

    • By Thomas M. Krummel, Professor and Chair Department of Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine Susan B. Ford Surgeon in Chief Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Palo Alto, CA, Linda C. Giudice, The Robert B. Jaffe Professor and Chair Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine San Francisco, CA, Carmel J. Cohen, Professor of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology Division of Gynecologic Oncology Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Columbia University Medical Center New York, NY, Jonathan S. Berek, Professor and Chair Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Stanford University School of Medicine Palo Alto, CA, Alan H. DeCherney, Professor and Chairman Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology UCLA School of Medicine Los Angeles, CA, H. C. Mult Kurt Semm, Alan H. DeCherney, Louis E. Phaneuf Professor and Chairman Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Tufts University Boston, MA, Yona Tadir, Department of Surgery Beckman Laser Institute & Medical Clinic Irvine, CA
  • Camran Nezhat, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, Farr Nezhat, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, Ceana Nezhat
  • Book: Nezhat's Operative Gynecologic Laparoscopy and Hysteroscopy
  • Published online: 23 December 2009
  • Print publication: 07 July 2008, pp xiii-xx

  • Summary

    Progress in surgical science has been characterized by a continuous cycle of innovation from bedside to bench and back to bedside. Beginning 30,000 years ago with the first bone needles to the current armamentarium today, each quantum leap has resulted from the convergence of technical advances and creative surgeons.

    Some surgical capability has been enhanced by relatively simple or more complex tool manufacture or modification, usually for a single purpose. Kocher's addition of a tooth to a straight clamp facilitated the grasping of a thyroid goiter; the more modern fixed-ring retractors have added considerable utility in abdominal retraction.

    A few very special tools or techniques revolutionize our work. The development of the simple balloon catheter by Fogarty was the seminal event in initiating the concept of all endovascular procedures, beginning with the procedure of intra-luminal thrombectomy. It has expanded to balloon dilatation, angioplasty, stent placement, and now drug delivery systems in the form of drug-eluting stents.

    Dr. Camran Nezhat's creative and ingenious contribution to the field of laparoscopic surgery has been similarly revolutionary. Operating off the video monitor during endoscopic surgery by the addition of a video camera to the laparoscope as developed by Camran Nezhat was a critical step in facilitating the entire field of minimal access surgery, moving it out of its initial realm in gynecologic and pelvic surgery to the entire abdomen, the chest, and beyond.

  • Impulsivity and verbal deficits associated with domestic violence

  • RONALD A. COHEN, VIRDETTE BRUMM, TRICIA M. ZAWACKI, ROBERT PAUL, LAWRENCE SWEET, ALAN ROSENBAUM
  • Journal: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 9 / Issue 5 / July 2003
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 July 2003, pp. 760-770

  • While neurobiological factors are known to play a role in human aggression, relatively few studies have examined neuropsychological contributions to propensity for violence. We previously demonstrated cognitive deficits among men who committed domestic violence (batterers) compared to non-violent controls. Batterers had deficits in verbal ability, learning and executive problem-solving ability. These findings led us to examine whether executive control problems involving impulsivity contribute to problems with behavioral control among batterers, and to further examine their deficits in verbal functioning. Batterers (n = 41) enrolled in a domestic violence program were compared to 20 non-violent men of similar age, education, and socioeconomic background on neuropsychological tests of executive functioning, including impulsivity. Questionnaires and structured clinical interviews were used to assess emotional distress, aggression and self-reported impulsivity. Batterers showed greater impulsivity compared to non-batterers on several neuropsychological measures. Yet, the severity of these deficits was relatively mild and not evident in all batterers. Consistent with our previous findings, significant verbal deficits were again observed among the batterers. These findings suggest that while impulsivity may be a factor associated with domestic violence, it probably is not the sole determinant of the strong relationship between cognitive functioning and batterer status that we previously observed. Both verbal expressive deficits and behavioral impulsivity appear to be relevant variables in predisposing men to domestic violence. (JINS, 2003, 9, 760–770.)