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  • Politicians’ Theories of Voting Behavior

  • JACK LUCAS, LIOR SHEFFER, PETER JOHN LOEWEN, STEFAAN WALGRAVE, KAROLIN SOONTJENS, ERAN AMSALEM, STEFANIE BAILER, NATHALIE BRACK, CHRISTIAN BREUNIG, PIRMIN BUNDI, LINDA COUFAL, PATRICK DUMONT, SARAH LACHANCE, MIGUEL M. PEREIRA, MIKAEL PERSSON, JEAN-BENOIT PILET, ANNE RASMUSSEN, MAJ-BRITT STERBA, FRÉDÉRIC VARONE
  • Journal:
    American Political Science Review , First View
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    04 November 2024, pp. 1-18
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  • While political scientists regularly engage in spirited theoretical debates about elections and voting behavior, few have noticed that elected politicians also have theories of elections and voting. Here, we investigate politicians’ positions on eight central theoretical debates in the area of elections and voting behavior and compare politicians’ theories to those held by ordinary citizens. Using data from face-to-face interviews with nearly one thousand politicians in 11 countries, together with corresponding surveys of more than twelve thousand citizens, we show that politicians overwhelmingly hold thin, minimalist, “democratic realist” theories of voting, while citizens’ theories are more optimistic and policy oriented. Politicians’ theoretical tendencies—along with their theoretical misalignment from citizens—are remarkably consistent across countries. These theories are likely to have important consequences for how politicians campaign, communicate with the public, think about public policy, and represent their constituents.

Narrative Medicine in Education, Practice, and Interventions
  • Edited by Anders Juhl Rasmussen, Anne-Marie Mai, Helle Ploug Hansen
  • Published by:
    Anthem Press
    Published online:
    08 June 2023
    Print publication:
    01 November 2022
  • Narrative medicine is a growing field of research and teaching. It arises from an interdisciplinary interest in person-centered medicine and is regarded as a major innovation in the medical humanities. This anthology is the first of its kind which integrates chapters on legitimizing narrative medicine in education, practice and research on analyzing types of patient narratives and on studying interventions applying vulnerable or shared reading, creative writing, or Socratic dialogue as a means of rehabilitation and mental care. In her foreword, Rita Charon, who originally coined the term 'narrative medicine' recognizes this expansion of the field and name it 'system narrative medicine'.

  • OP30 Model for ASsessing The Value Of AI In Medical Imaging (MAS-AI)

  • Iben Fasterholdt, Tue Kjølhede, Mohammad Naghavi-Behzad, Thomas Schmidt, Quinnie Rautalammi, Kristian Kidholm, Malene Hildebrandt, Anne Gerdes, Astrid Barkler, Benjamin Rasmussen
  • Journal:
    International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care / Volume 38 / Issue S1 / December 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    23 December 2022, p. S12
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  • Introduction

    Artificial intelligence (AI) is seen as one of the major disrupting forces in the future healthcare system. However, assessment of the value of these new technologies is still unclear and no agreed international HTA-based guideline exists. Therefore, a Model for ASsessing the value of AI (MAS-AI) in medical imaging was developed by a multidisciplinary group of experts and patient representatives.

    Methods

    The MAS-AI guideline is based on four steps. First a literature review of existing guides, evaluations, and assessments of the value of AI in the field of medical imaging (5,890 studies were assessed with 86 studies included in the scoping review). Next, interviews with leading researchers in AI in Denmark. The third step was two workshops where decision-makers, patient organizations and researchers discussed crucial topics when evaluating AI. Between workshops, the multidisciplinary team revised the model according to comments from workshop-participants. Last step is a validation workshop in Canada.

    Results

    The MAS-AI guideline has three parts. There are two steps covering nine domains and then advises for the evaluation process. Step 1 contains a description of patients, how the AI-model was developed, and initial ethical and legal considerations. Finishing the four domains in Step 1 is a prerequisite for moving to step 2. In step 2, a multidisciplinary assessment of outcomes of the AI-application is done for the five remaining domains: safety, clinical aspects, economics, organizational aspects and patient aspects. The last part, is five advices to facilitate a good evaluation process.

    Conclusions

    We have developed an HTA based framework to support the prospective phase while introducing novel AI technologies into healthcare in medical imaging. MAS-AI can assist HTA organizations (and companies) in selecting the relevant domains and outcome measures in the assessment of AI applications. It is important to ensure uniform and valid decisions regarding the adoption of AI technology with a structured process and tool. MAS-AI can help support these decisions and provide greater transparency for all parties involved.

  • Introduction

  • Edited by Anders Juhl Rasmussen, University of Southern Denmark, Anne-Marie Mai, University of Southern Denmark, Helle Ploug Hansen, University of Southern Denmark
  • Book:
    Narrative Medicine in Education, Practice, and Interventions
    Published by:
    Anthem Press
    Published online:
    08 June 2023
    Print publication:
    01 November 2022, pp 13-22

  • Summary

    Narrative medicine as a field of research

    Narrative medicine is a growing field of teaching and research that has grown out of an interdisciplinary interest in medicine which is centered on the person, and it is regarded by some as the most significant innovation in the medical hu-manities (Solomon, 2015; Bleakley, 2015). The vision for our work in narrative medicine at the University of Southern Denmark is to enable the field to become a prominent element in the training of physicians, nurses, and other health pro-fessionals. In addition, the researchers will examine the degree to which this field can become an integral part of the health system, making a crucial con-tribution to the development of innovative and evidence-based approaches to health promotion, treatment, rehabilitation, and palliation for citizens and patients. Thus, the overall ambition is that narrative medicine should make a substantial contribution to meeting complex social challenges by retaining and developing a health system that recognizes each person as an individual with social relations in the context of diagnosis, treatment, nursing, and care.

    Narrative medicine was given its name and has had its methodology estab-lished since the beginning of this century by Rita Charon, a medical doctor and professor of internal medicine with a PhD in English literature at Columbia University in New York. Prior to creating the term “narrative medicine,” Charon was a proponent of the development of “narrative ethics.” described as an at-tempt to recognize and acknowledge “the singular meaning of particular hu-man events” (Charon and Montello, 2002, p. ix). Through the creation of the interdisciplinary field of narrative medicine, she extended her scope to include narratives and aspects of narrative in all medical practice, with a particular focus on the value of empathy and ethics:

    I use the term narrative medicine to mean medicine practiced with these narrative skills of recognizing, absorbing, interpreting, and being moved by the stories of illness (Charon, 2006, p. 4)

    With the aim of promoting clinicians’ understanding of patients’ narratives of illness, Charon and her colleagues at Columbia University brought to bear methods of close reading and creative writing, with the result that these have been adapted and integrated in the teaching of physicians and other health pro-fessionals.

  • Model for ASsessing the value of Artificial Intelligence in medical imaging (MAS-AI)

  • Part of
  • Iben Fasterholdt, Tue Kjølhede, Mohammad Naghavi-Behzad, Thomas Schmidt, Quinnie T.S. Rautalammi, Malene G. Hildebrandt, Anne Gerdes, Astrid Barkler, Kristian Kidholm, Valeria E. Rac, Benjamin S.B. Rasmussen
  • Journal:
    International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care / Volume 38 / Issue 1 / 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    03 October 2022, e74
  • Objectives

    Artificial intelligence (AI) is seen as a major disrupting force in the future healthcare system. However, the assessment of the value of AI technologies is still unclear. Therefore, a multidisciplinary group of experts and patients developed a Model for ASsessing the value of AI (MAS-AI) in medical imaging. Medical imaging is chosen due to the maturity of AI in this area, ensuring a robust evidence-based model.

    Methods

    MAS-AI was developed in three phases. First, a literature review of existing guides, evaluations, and assessments of the value of AI in the field of medical imaging. Next, we interviewed leading researchers in AI in Denmark. The third phase consisted of two workshops where decision makers, patient organizations, and researchers discussed crucial topics for evaluating AI. The multidisciplinary team revised the model between workshops according to comments.

    Results

    The MAS-AI guideline consists of two steps covering nine domains and five process factors supporting the assessment. Step 1 contains a description of patients, how the AI model was developed, and initial ethical and legal considerations. In step 2, a multidisciplinary assessment of outcomes of the AI application is done for the five remaining domains: safety, clinical aspects, economics, organizational aspects, and patient aspects.

    Conclusions

    We have developed an health technology assessment-based framework to support the introduction of AI technologies into healthcare in medical imaging. It is essential to ensure informed and valid decisions regarding the adoption of AI with a structured process and tool. MAS-AI can help support decision making and provide greater transparency for all parties.

  • (Inequality in) Interest Group Involvement and the Legitimacy of Policy Making

  • Anne Rasmussen, Stefanie Reher
  • Journal:
    British Journal of Political Science / Volume 53 / Issue 1 / January 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    08 July 2022, pp. 45-64
    Print publication:
    January 2023
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  • While interest groups are consulted at different stages of policy making to provide expertise and legitimacy, their influence is often criticized as being undemocratic. Yet, we know little about how their participation in policy making affects citizen perceptions of the legitimacy of governance. Based on survey experiments conducted in the UK, the United States and Germany, our study shows that unequal participation between group types reduces the benefits of interest group consultation for citizens' perceived legitimacy of decision-making processes. Importantly, these legitimacy losses cannot be compensated for by policies that represent the opinion of the under-represented groups and are even greater when policy decisions favour the over-represented groups. Moreover, we show that citizen perceptions of how economically powerful and representative of society different types of interest groups are act as important drivers of legitimacy evaluations. Our results provide important new theoretical and empirical insights into when and why interest groups affect democratic legitimacy.

  • Party government and policy responsiveness. Evidence from three parliamentary democracies

  • Dimiter Toshkov, Lars Mäder, Anne Rasmussen
  • Journal:
    Journal of Public Policy / Volume 40 / Issue 2 / June 2020
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    19 November 2018, pp. 329-347
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  • Does party government moderate the responsiveness of public policy to public opinion? Analysing a new dataset, we examine whether the ability of governments to respond to the public on 306 specific policy issues in Denmark, Germany and the UK is affected by the extent of coalition conflict and by the fit of the considered policy changes with the government preferences. We find a systematic but relatively weak positive impact of public support on the likelihood and speed of policy change. Contrary to expectations, a higher number of coalition partners are not associated with fewer policy changes nor with weaker responsiveness to public opinion. We also find no evidence that responsiveness to public opinion is necessarily weaker for policy changes that go against the preferences of the government. Rather, it appears that public and government support for policy change are substitute resources.

A Companion to Gottfried von Strassburg's Tristan
  • With contributions by Michael S. Batts , Danielle Buschinger , Marion E. Gibbs , Nigel Harris , Sidney M. Johnson , Ulrich Mueller , Ann Marie Rasmussen , Daniel Rocher , Adrian Stevens , Neil Thomas and Alois Wolf
  • Edited by Will Hasty
  • Published by:
    Boydell & Brewer
    Published online:
    28 April 2017
    Print publication:
    13 January 2003
  • The legend of Tristan and Isolde -- the archetypal narrative about the turbulent effects of all-consuming, passionate love -- achieved its most complete and profound rendering in the German poet Gottfried von Strassburg's verse romance Tristan (ca. 1200-1210). Along with his great literary rival Wolfram von Eschenbach and his versatile predecessor Hartmann von Aue, Gottfried is considered one of three greatest poets produced by medieval Germany, and over the centuries his Tristan has lost none of its ability to attract with the beauty of its poetry and to challenge -- if not provoke -- with its sympathetic depiction of adulterous love. The essays, written by a dozen leading Gottfried specialists in Europe and North America, provide definitive treatments of significant aspectsof this most important and challenging high medieval version of the Tristan legend. They examine aspects of Gottfried's unparalleled narrative artistry; the important connections between Gottfried'sTristan and the socio-cultural situation in which it was composed; and the reception of Gottfried's challenging romance both by later poets in the Middle Ages and by nineteenth- and twentieth-century authors, composers, and artists -- particularly Richard Wagner. The volume also contains new interpretations of significant figures, episodes, and elements (Riwalin and Blanscheflur, Isolde ofthe White Hands, the Love Potion, the performance of love, the female figures) in Gottfried's revolutionary romance, which provocatively elevates a sexual, human love to a summum bonum.

    Will Hasty is Professor of German at the University of Florida. He is the editor of Companion to Wolfram's "Parzival," (Camden House, 1999).

  • Negotiating the Personal and Professional: Ethnomusicologistsl and Uncomfortable Truths

  • Rebecca S. Miller, Svanibor Pettan, Anne K. Rasmussen, Margaret Sarkissian
  • Journal:
    Yearbook for Traditional Music / Volume 48 / 2016
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    06 December 2018, pp. 186-203
    Print publication:
    2016

  • The panel, “Negotiating the Personal and Professional: Ethnomusicologists and Uncomfortable Truths,” presented at the Forty-third ICTM World Conference in Astana, Kazakhstan, grew out of informal conversations common among ethnomusicologists. As practitioners in our discipline, we are involved in complex webs of experience, relationships, and representations focused around music, broadly defined. Our work is inherently social and, when in the field, we develop close relationships with our teachers and consultants as we become comfortable in our sites of research. We are grateful for priceless access to communities and individuals. The intensity and combination of certain relationships and circumstances, however, can lead to conflicting expectations, unanticipated misunderstanding, and situations of personal and professional conflict.

  • Lunch frequency among adolescents: associations with sociodemographic factors and school characteristics

  • Trine Pagh Pedersen, Bjørn E Holstein, Rikke Krølner, Annette Kjær Ersbøll, Thea Suldrup Jørgensen, Anne Kristine Aarestrup, Jennifer Utter, Sarah A McNaughton, Dianne Neumark-Stzainer, Mette Rasmussen
  • Journal:
    Public Health Nutrition / Volume 19 / Issue 5 / April 2016
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    20 May 2015, pp. 872-884
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  • Objective

    To investigate: (i) how lunch frequency of adolescents varies between schools and between classes within schools; (ii) the associations between frequency of lunch and individual sociodemographic factors and school characteristics; and (iii) if any observed associations between lunch frequency and school characteristics vary by gender and age groups.

    Design

    Cross-sectional study in which students and school headmasters completed self-administered questionnaires. Associations were estimated by multilevel multivariate logistic regression.

    Setting

    The Danish arm of the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children study 2010.

    Subjects

    Students (n 4922) aged 11, 13 and 15 years attending a random sample of seventy-three schools.

    Results

    The school-level and class-level variations in low lunch frequency were small (intraclass correlation coefficient <2·1 %). At the individual level, low lunch frequency was most common among students who were boys, 13- and 15-year-olds, from medium and low family social class, descendants of immigrants, living in a single-parent family and in a reconstructed family. School-level analyses suggested that having access to a canteen at school was associated with low lunch frequency (OR=1·47; 95% CI 1·14, 1·89). Likewise not having an adult present during lunch breaks was associated with low lunch frequency (OR=1·44; 95% CI 1·18, 1·75). Cross-level interactions suggested that these associations differed by age group.

    Conclusions

    Lunch frequency among Danish students appears to be largely influenced by sociodemographic factors. Additionally, the presence of an adult during lunch breaks promotes frequent lunch consumption while availability of a canteen may discourage frequent lunch consumption. These findings vary between older and younger students.

  • Biased access? Exploring selection to advisory committees

  • Anne Rasmussen, Vlad Gross
  • Journal:
    European Political Science Review / Volume 7 / Issue 3 / August 2015
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    13 November 2014, pp. 343-372

  • The existing literature on bias in interest group access faces the challenge that there is often no clear benchmark for judging whether a given distribution of interest groups involved in policy making is biased. To tackle this challenge, we link two new data sets on registered European Union (EU) interest groups and membership of the advisory committees of the European Commission and examine the factors affecting selection to these committees. Our approach allows us to qualify the conclusions of the existing literature. We see that, even if business interests dominate advisory committees, they are not generally privileged over other group types in the selection processes and their degree of access varies considerably between policy areas. Instead, supranational interest groups enjoy selection privileges, which are particularly pronounced on permanent committees. Finally, we find some evidence that, even though lobbying budgets are important for getting access, their value varies across group types. In this way, our study has implications for future theory building on resource exchanges between interest group types and decision makers.

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