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6551 results

Page 1 of 328

  • 8 - The Wars of 1898 and the US Overseas Empire
  • from Part I - Building and Resisting US Empire
  • Edited by Kristin Hoganson, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Jay Sexton, University of Missouri, Columbia
  • Book: The Cambridge History of America and the World
  • Published online: 12 November 2021
  • Print publication: 28 February 2022, pp 195-218
  • View extract

    Summary

    The United States acquired a large overseas empire as a result of its quick victory in the War of 1898. The war had many causes, but for most Americans it began as a humanitarian intervention to liberate Cubans suffering under Spanish rule, a generous aim that made the war popular. If the cause of the war had to do with Cuba, the consequences went further. By war’s end, the United States also occupied Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and other Spanish territories in the Pacific. These possessions fell into the lap of the United States as a byproduct of the war in Cuba, and the United States did not let go of them, leading to resistance by people who had not imagined trading Spanish rule for American. Governing unwilling subjects soon led to “pacifying” them by coercive methods that took some of the shine off American self-regard and boosted anti-imperialist sentiment.

  • 6 - The Fractured World of the Cold War
  • from Part I - Ordering a World of States
  • Edited by David C. Engerman, Yale University, Connecticut, Max Paul Friedman, American University, Washington DC, Melani McAlister, George Washington University, Washington DC
  • Book: The Cambridge History of America and the World
  • Published online: 12 November 2021
  • Print publication: 28 February 2022, pp 148-171
  • View extract

    Summary

    Wendell Willkie’s One World, published in 1943 at the height of World War II, quickly became a spectacular best seller. A stirring call for a new international order rooted in cooperation and unity, the book captured the aspirations of countless Americans, to say nothing of the wider world, who hoped for something better at the end of all the bloodshed. But Willkie’s vision also appealed because it seemed attainable. During an around-the-world tour, Willkie found governments and peoples eager to submerge their narrow interests within supranational structures that would serve the common good. “It is inescapable that there can be no peace for any part of the world,” wrote Willkie, “unless the foundations of peace are made secure throughout all parts of the world.”

  • Afterword
  • Edited by Edward S. Dove, University of Edinburgh, Niamh Nic Shuibhne, University of Edinburgh
  • Book: Law and Legacy in Medical Jurisprudence
  • Published online: 23 December 2021
  • Print publication: 28 February 2022, pp 417-421
  • View extract

    Summary

    This Festschrift for Graeme Laurie could not have come at a more catastrophic, yet opportune, moment in modern history. The world is experiencing a once-in-a-lifetime pandemic that has devastated human health, social well-being and economic prosperity. The Great Coronavirus Pandemic started in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and has since swept the world. It has strained health systems to the brink, revealed unconscionable health inequalities and upended international institutions.

  • Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) interference and seed production in dry edible bean
  • Joshua W.A. Miranda, Amit J. Jhala, Jeffrey Bradshaw, Nevin C. Lawrence
  • Journal: Weed Technology / Accepted manuscript
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 26 January 2022, pp. 1-32
  • View abstract

    Although Palmer amaranth is currently not widespread in most dry edible bean−producing states in the United States, it is widespread in Western Nebraska, a major dry edible bean−producing region. There is currently a lack of research on management and biology of Palmer amaranth within dry edible bean production. The objective of this study was to quantify the impact of season−long Palmer amaranth interference on yield of dry edible bean and seed production of Palmer amaranth. A field study was conducted in Scottsbluff, NE in 2020 and 2021. Palmer amaranth interference at densities of 0, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 1, and 2 plants m−1 row of dry edible bean was evaluated. Palmer amaranth interference reduced dry edible bean yield by 77% at 2 Palmer amaranth plants m−1 row compared to the weed−free control; and a 5% yield−reduction threshold was estimated to occur at 0.02 Palmer amaranth plants m−1 row. Yield reduction occurred primarily through a reduction in the number of pods plant−1 as Palmer amaranth density increased. Palmer amaranth plants produced 91,000 to 376,000 seeds plant−1 depending on densities, and as much as 140,000 seeds m−2. Study results will help farmers and other stakeholders estimate Palmer amaranth interference within their fields, and may help justify the economic cost of incorporating additional Palmer amaranth management practices.

  • What are the benefits and risks of nutrition policy actions to reduce added sugar consumption? An Australian case study
  • Cherie Russell, Phillip Baker, Carley Grimes, Mark A. Lawrence
  • Journal: Public Health Nutrition / Accepted manuscript
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 January 2022, pp. 1-37
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  • View abstract
    Objective:

    This study aimed to critically analyse Australia’s current and proposed policy actions to reduce added sugar consumption. Over-consumption of added sugar is a significant public health nutrition issue. The competing interests, values and beliefs among stakeholders means they have disparate views regarding which policy actions are preferable to reduce added sugar consumption.

    Design:

    Semi-structured interviews using purposive, snowball sampling and policy mapping. Policy actions were classified by two frameworks: NOURISHING (e.g. behaviour change communication, food environment and food system) and the Orders of Change (e.g. first order: technical adjustments, second order: reforming the system, third order: transforming the system).

    Setting:

    Australia

    Participants:

    Twenty-two stakeholders from the food industry, food regulation, government, public health groups and academia.

    Results:

    All proposed and existing policy actions targeted the food environment/behaviour change, most were assessed as first order changes, and reductionist (nutrient specific) in nature. Influences on policy actions included industry power, stakeholder fragmentation, government ideology/political will, and public pressure. Few stakeholders considered potential risks of policy actions, particularly of non-nutritive sweetener substitution or opportunity costs for other policy.

    Conclusions:

    Most of Australia’s policy actions to reduce added sugar consumption are reductionist. Preferencing nutrient-specific, first order policy actions could reflect the influence of vested interests, a historically dominant reductionist orientation to nutrition science and policy, and the perceived difficulty of pursuing second or third order changes. Pursuing only first-order policy actions could lead to ‘regrettable’ substitutions and creates an opportunity cost for more comprehensive policy aimed at adjusting the broader food system.

Page 1 of 328