Bibliometric research illuminates the scientific development of soil health (SH) studies in the Brazilian Semiarid, which are crucial for sustainable agriculture and mitigating climate change impacts. However, research trends on SH in the Brazilian Semiarid are still not well understood. This study aimed to illustrate how SH has been addressed in research concerning the Brazilian Semiarid. Terms such as ‘soil health,’ ‘soil quality,’ ‘biological quality,’ ‘chemical quality,’ ‘physical quality,’ as well as ‘Caatinga,’ ‘Brazilian Semiarid,’ and ‘Brazilian Northeast’ were searched in the Scopus® database. Bibliometric parameters were catalogued by the number of publications per year, most cited articles, primary institutions, main journals, and keyword frequency. The articles were evaluated based on the examination of chemical, physical, and biological indicators, and a similarity test was conducted to group articles according to these indicators. The bibliometric analysis reveals a significant increase in scientific output since 2020. Embrapa research centres contribute significantly to this expanding body of knowledge, with the leading journal ‘Revista Caatinga’ reflecting a specialized focus on the region’s unique challenges. The most evaluated indicators were pH, soil organic carbon, P, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, and bulk density, but the prevalence of biological indicators, such as soil organic carbon (SOC), activity of enzymes such as alkaline and acid phosphatase, and ß-glucosidase, microbial activity, and soil fauna, underscores key research themes. These findings highlight the practical implications of SH research, but while increased research is commendable and increasingly necessary, studies are still scarce. Increased research is vital for the development of strategies that contribute to the long-term sustainability of the Brazilian Semiarid region.

Introduction: Brief interventions (BIs) are strategies involving screening for at-risk drinkers, followed by a short intervention providing information about alcohol and personalized feedback. BIs are cost-effective for the general population, but less is known about their potential effectiveness in the older adultpopulation.

Objectives: To conduct a systematic review (SR) on the effects of BI in people aged 50 and above on alcohol consumption (primary outcome), cognitive performance, and depressive symptoms (secondary outcomes).

Methods: Searches were conducted in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and LILACS databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in English, Spanish, and Portuguese, published up to June 2023. A risk of bias assessment (Rob 2.0) was performed, and a direct meta-analysis (RevMan version 5.4.1) was conducted for all available primary outcomes. The SR protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023436908).

Results: Eight studies were initially identified, and five of them which met the inclusion criteria were included in the meta-analysis. All studies were conducted in high-income countries and varied in relation to the outcome measures. There was a statistically significant reduction (SMD = 0.21; 95% CI: 0.07 – 0 .34) in alcohol consumption among older adults at 3 months follow-up. However, at 6 and 12 months, there was no statistically significant difference between the control and intervention groups. None of the eligible studies presented results on the secondary outcomes, cognition, or mood.

Conclusions: BIs show promise as an intervention for addressing and reducing at-risk drinking in older adults. However, there is limited research in this area, and the lack of standardized Methodsological criteria makes it difficult to compare the results of studies. Therefore, further studies are required, using standardized Methodsologies, to better understand the long-term effects, in respect of both primary and secondary outcomes, of these interventions.

Background: With the aging of the population, alcohol consumption among older adults presents a growing public health concern. Recognizing the prevalence and determinants of at- risk drinking among older adults is crucial for the development of effective interventions and improved healthcare outcomes.

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of at-risk drinking and associated factors among older adults in primary care in Brazil.

Methods: A cross-sectional study with 1,639 participants aged 60 and above from fourteen primary care units in the city of the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, between December 2023 and April 2024. At-risk drinkers were defined by the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test - Consumption (AUDIT-C scores ≥ 4), and/or binge drinking (≥ 3 drinks on a single occasion). Logistic regression was used to assess the association between sociodemographic characteristics, smoking, depression (PHQ-2 scores ≥ 3), and chronic diseases. A gender interaction test was conducted for all positive associations.

Results: The mean age of the 1,639 participants was 68.6 (SD ± 6,2; range: 60 –95), with 52.6% reporting current alcohol consumption, 21.3% were at-risk drinkers (AUDIT-C plus binge), and 26.8% regular smokers. Men (OR: 2,94; 95% CI: 2.21–3.90), those with high education (OR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.10–2,14), were employed (OR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.02-2.19), and current smokers (OR: 2.36; 95% CI: 1.73–3.23) were more likely to be at-risk drinkers. While older participants (70+) (OR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.93–0,98), and those with depression (PHQ-2) (OR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.93– 0.98) were less likely to be at-risk drinkers. Having a higher level of education was associated with a greater likelihood of at-risk drinking for men but not for women. Conversely, the presence of chronic diseases was associated with a reduced probability to be an at-risk drinker for women, but not formen.

Conclusions: This study revealed a significant prevalence of alcohol consumption, at-risk drinking, and binge drinking among older adults in primary care. Gender differences were observed in drinking behavior. These findings could aid health professionals in identifying at- risk drinkers and inform the development of targeted interventions for the most vulnerable groups.

The use of forage as a cover crop is an alternative for the sustainable management of conilon coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner) crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate the herbage accumulation and nutritive value of forages used as cover crops and their effect on the productivity and physiology of conilon coffee plants. The inter-row management assessed were 1- Congo grass [Urochloa ruziziensis (R. Germ. & C.M. Evrard) Crins], 2- Mombaça guineagrass [Megathyrsus maximus (Jacq.) B.K. Simon & S.W.L. Jacobs], 3- Marandu palisadegrass [Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) R.D.Webster], 4- weeds, 5- weeding and herbicide application. The experiment was conducted in 2020 and 2021 using a randomized block design (split-plot) with four replications and a plot size of 24 m2. Herbage accumulation of Congo grass, Mombaça guineagrass and Marandu palisadegrass (1.12 to 3.81 t/ha) were higher than weeds (0.18 to 1.95 t/ha) in seven periods evaluated. Mombaça guineagrass had the highest average herbage accumulation (1.47 to 3.81 t/ha). The forage cover crops did not differ among themselves for dry matter concentration, crude protein and C:N ratio in three periods evaluated. The inter-rows management with cover crops did not reduce productivity, grain/fruit ratio, grain size, vegetative vigour and physiology of the coffee plants compared to the management with weeding and herbicide in 2021. In 2022, they stagnated or reduced productivity by up to 49%, with changes in plant physiology. Adjustments in the management of cover crops are needed for the development of competitive and sustainable coffee crops.

In Northeastern Brazil, successful release programmes have been implemented for the conservation of West Indian manatees (Trichechus manatus) since the 1990s. Recently, the non-government organization AQUASIS started releasing manatees in the state of Ceará, where oceanographic conditions and the absence of sheltered places pose new challenges for the release and monitoring of manatees. This research investigates the movement of a manatee named Tico, released in Icapuí, Ceará, Brazil, that travelled approximately 4017 km over 62 days through deep oceanic waters. Correlating Tico's trajectory and velocity with surface currents revealed the influence of the North Brazil Current (NBC) and its vortices on his movement. Tico crossed the diluted Amazon River plume with surface salinity as low as 26 g kg−1 in early August, potentially encountering areas of even lower salinity. Additionally, Tico experienced several storms, with significant rainfall during his journey, which may have provided freshwater. The erratic movement patterns and significant weight loss prompted the rescue of Tico on Isla la Blanquilla, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. Tico is currently being temporarily housed in Parque Zoológico y Botánico Bararida in Venezuela. Understanding the nature of Tico's long-distance movement could help inform decisions about his future. AQUASIS proposes to return Tico to Brazil, a region with an ecologically and genetically distinct population from Venezuela, for a second release attempt, incorporating lessons learned from the first release. Furthermore, AQUASIS has the necessary human and financial resources to ensure the continuous monitoring of Tico during his readaptation to the wild.

Annona crassiflora is a fruit-bearing tree species native to the Cerrado that has ecological and economic potential, mainly due to the production of attractive and useful fruits for a number of species, including humans. To provide a basis for its conservation and breeding, the objective was to assess the diversity and genetic structure of natural populations of the species using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) molecular markers. Eight populations were analysed in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, with 24 individuals randomly sampled in each population, reaching a total of 192 trees. Ten ISSR primers were used, resulting in high genetic diversity for the combined data (H* = 0.35 and I* = 0.52). However, a wide range of representative values was observed in the individual assessment of populations, with JAN, GM and MC standing out for their low genetic diversity, resulting in H* of 0.19, 0.23 and 0.24 and I* of 0.28, 0.34 and 0.35, respectively. An analysis of molecular variance showed greater variation within populations, indicating gene flow (Nm), but genetic differentiation between populations was moderate. Bayesian analysis, although resulting in four genetic groups, revealed the presence of a majority group for the GM and JAN populations. We propose measures to maintain these populations, such as raising awareness of local extractivism and planting genetically divergent seedlings. Furthermore, we recommend including of all populations in conservation and breeding programmes, aiming to cover the maximum genetic variation for the species.

This position paper by the international IMMERSE consortium reviews the evidence of a digital mental health solution based on Experience Sampling Methodology (ESM) for advancing person-centered mental health care and outlines a research agenda for implementing innovative digital mental health tools into routine clinical practice. ESM is a structured diary technique recording real-time self-report data about the current mental state using a mobile application. We will review how ESM may contribute to (1) service user engagement and empowerment, (2) self-management and recovery, (3) goal direction in clinical assessment and management of care, and (4) shared decision-making. However, despite the evidence demonstrating the value of ESM-based approaches in enhancing person-centered mental health care, it is hardly integrated into clinical practice. Therefore, we propose a global research agenda for implementing ESM in routine mental health care addressing six key challenges: (1) the motivation and ability of service users to adhere to the ESM monitoring, reporting and feedback, (2) the motivation and competence of clinicians in routine healthcare delivery settings to integrate ESM in the workflow, (3) the technical requirements and (4) governance requirements for integrating these data in the clinical workflow, (5) the financial and competence related resources related to IT-infrastructure and clinician time, and (6) implementation studies that build the evidence-base. While focused on ESM, the research agenda holds broader implications for implementing digital innovations in mental health. This paper calls for a shift in focus from developing new digital interventions to overcoming implementation barriers, essential for achieving a true transformation toward person-centered care in mental health.

Nine hundred and ninety-two (992) specimens of Pseudocyclops lerneri Fosshagen, 1968 (Copepoda: Pseudocyclopidae) were collected from the largest South Atlantic coral reef, Abrolhos bank (17°20′–18°10′S; 38°35′–39°20′W). Specimens were distinguished from other Pseudocyclops spp. by a close examination of the female and male fifth leg. This is the first record of the family Pseudocyclopidae in the South Atlantic. We further indicate that the low number of studies on this species, and as a consequence, the poorly understood ecology of Pseudocyclopidae may be caused by the use of inadequate sampling methods, indicating the use of demersal-focused samplers, such as emergence traps as an alternative to the sampling of these bottom-dwelling copepods.

The development of simple, low-order and accurate unsteady aerodynamic models represents a crucial challenge for the design optimisation and control of fluid dynamical systems. In this work, wind tunnel experiments of a pitching NACA 0018 aerofoil conducted at a Reynolds number $Re = 2.8 \times 10^5$ and at different free-stream turbulence intensities are used to identify data-driven nonlinear state-space models relating the time-varying angle of attack of the aerofoil to the lift coefficient. The proposed state-space neural network (SS-NN) modelling technique explores an innovative methodology, which brings the flexibility of artificial neural networks into a classical state-space representation and offers new insights into the construction of reduced-order unsteady aerodynamic models. The work demonstrates that this technique provides accurate predictions of the nonlinear unsteady aerodynamic loads of a pitching aerofoil for a wide variety of angle-of-attack ranges and frequencies of oscillation. Results are compared with a modified version of the Goman–Khrabrov dynamic stall model. It is shown that the SS-NN methodology outperforms the classical semi-empirical dynamic stall models in terms of accuracy, while retaining a fast evaluation time. Additionally, the proposed models are robust to noisy measurements and do not require any pre-processing of the data, thus involving only a limited user interaction. Overall, these features make the SS-NN technique an excellent candidate for the construction of accurate data-driven models from experimental fluid dynamics data, and pave the way for their adoption in applications entailing design optimisation and real-time control of systems involving lift.

A system-in-package for a wideband digital radar, in D-band, requires broadband, high-gain antennas combined with broadband chip-to-package and package-to-printed circuit board (PCB) interconnects. This paper demonstrates a wideband, low-loss quasi-coaxial signal transition, and a novel electric split ring resonator (eSRR)-based antenna-in-package (AiP) with a modified reflector concept, for improved gain, in embedded wafer level ball grid array (eWLB) technology. A complete chip-to-package-to-PCB interconnect is also demonstrated by combining the quasi-coaxial transition with a chip-to-package interconnect. The quasi-coaxial signal transition has the largest impedance bandwidth among ball grid array-based quasi-coaxial signal transitions. For the modified reflector concept, a horn-shaped cavity is micromachined in the PCB substrate and remetallized with aerosol-jet printing, placing the reflector 0.25λ from the antenna. The antenna gain is improved with up to 5.3 dB. The AiP with the horn-shaped reflector is the single element with the highest gain, in eWLB technology, above 100 GHz.

Wearable sleep trackers are increasingly used in applied psychology. Particularly, the recent boom in the fitness tracking industry has resulted in a number of relatively inexpensive consumer-oriented devices that further enlarge the potential applications of ambulatory sleep monitoring. While being largely positioned as wellness tools, wearable sleep trackers could be considered useful health devices supported by a growing number of independent peer-reviewed studies evaluating their accuracy. The inclusion of sensors that monitor cardiorespiratory physiology, diurnal activity data, and other environmental signals allows for a comprehensive and multidimensional approach to sleep health and its impact on psychological well-being. Moreover, the increasingly common combination of wearable trackers and experience sampling methods has the potential to uncover within-individual processes linking sleep to daily experiences, behaviors, and other psychosocial factors. Here, we provide a concise overview of the state-of-the-art, challenges, and opportunities of using wearable sleep-tracking technology in applied psychology. Specifically, we review key device profiles, capabilities, and limitations. By providing representative examples, we highlight how scholars and practitioners can fully exploit the potential of wearable sleep trackers while being aware of the most critical pitfalls characterizing these devices. Overall, consumer wearable sleep trackers are increasingly recognized as a valuable method to investigate, assess, and improve sleep health. Incorporating such devices in research and professional practice might significantly improve the quantity and quality of the collected information while opening the possibility of involving large samples over representative time periods. However, a rigorous and informed approach to their use is necessary.

This study reports the first time-resolved particle image velocimetry characterization of a planar two-phase mixing layer flow, whose velocity field is measured simultaneously in gas and liquid streams. Two parallel air and water flows meet downstream of a splitter plate, giving rise to an initially spanwise invariant configuration. The aim is to elucidate further the mechanisms leading to the flow breakup in gas-assisted atomization. The complete experimental characterization of the velocity field represents a database that could be used in data-driven reduced-order models to investigate the global behaviour of the flow system. After the analysis of a selected reference case, a parametric study of the flow behaviour is performed by varying the liquid ($Re_l$) and gas ($Re_g$) Reynolds numbers, and as a consequence also the gas-to-liquid dynamic pressure ratio ($M$), shedding light on both time-averaged (mean) and unsteady velocity fields. In the reference case, it is shown that the mean flow exhibits a wake region just downstream of the splitter plate, followed by the development of a mixing layer. By increasing both $Re_l$ and $Re_g$, the streamwise extent of the wake decreases and eventually vanishes, the flow resulting in a pure mixing layer regime. The spectral analysis of the normal-to-flow velocity fluctuations outlines different flow regimes by variation of the governing parameters, giving more insights into the global characteristics of the flow field. As a major result, it is found that at high $Re_g$ and $M$ values, the velocity fluctuations are characterized by low-frequency temporal oscillations synchronized in several locations within the flow field, which suggest the presence of a global mode of instability. The proper orthogonal decomposition of velocity fluctuations, performed in both gas and liquid phases, reveals finally that the synchronized oscillations are associated with a low-frequency dominant flapping mode of the gas–liquid interface. Higher-order modes correspond to interfacial wave structures travelling with the so-called Dimotakis velocity. For lower gas Reynolds numbers, the leading modes describe higher frequency fingers shedding at the interface.

On July 7, 2023, at 1:21 am, a fire was declared in a retirement home in Milan, Italy. The number of casualties (n = 87) according to the Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (START) triage system was categorized as 65 green, 14 yellow, 2 red, and 6 black; 75% were women, and the mean age was 85.1 years (± 9). Most patients were unable to walk. A total of 30 basic life support (BLS) ambulances, 3 advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) teams on fast cars, 2 buses, and 1 coordination team were deployed. A scoop and run approach was adopted with patients being transported to 15 health care facilities. The event was terminated at 5:43 am. Though the local mass casualty incident (MCI) response plan was correctly applied, the evacuation of the building was difficult due to the age and comorbidities of the patients. START failed to correctly identify patients categorized as minor. Communication problems arose on site that led to the late evacuation of critical patients.

The actin filaments on the surface of echinoderm oocytes and eggs readily undergo massive reorganization during meiotic maturation and fertilization. In sea urchin eggs, the actin cytoskeletal response to the fertilizing sperm is fast enough to accompany Ca2+ signals and to guide sperm’s entry into the egg. Although recent work using live cell imaging technology confirmed changes in the actin polymerization status in fertilized eggs, as was previously shown using light and electron microscopy, it failed to provide experimental evidence of F-actin depolymerization a few seconds after insemination, which is concurrent with the sperm-induced Ca2+ release. In the present study, we applied Raman microspectroscopy to tackle this issue by examining the spectral profiles of the egg’s subplasmalemmal regions before and after treating the eggs with actin drugs or fertilizing sperm. At both early (15 s) and late (15 min) time points after fertilization, specific peak shifts in the Raman spectra revealed change in the actin structure, and Raman imaging detected the cytoskeletal changes corresponding to the F-actin reorganization visualized with LifeAct-GFP in confocal microscopy. Our observation suggests that the application of Raman spectroscopy, which does not require microinjection of fluorescent probes and exogenous gene expression, may serve as an alternative or even advantageous method in disclosing rapid subtle changes in the subplasmalemmal actin cytoskeleton that are difficult to resolve.

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether high-fat (HF) diet intake during puberty can program obesity as well as generate glucose imbalance and hepatic metabolic dysfunctions in adult life. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into two groups: rats fed standard chow (NF) and rats fed a HF from postnatal 30-day-old (PND30) until PND60. Then, both groups were fed a standard chow from PND60 until PND120. Euthanasia and samples collections occurred at PND120. HF animals were overweight (+11%) and had increased adiposity, hyperphagia (+12%), hyperglycaemia (+13%), hyperinsulinemia (+69%), and hypertriglyceridemia (+34%). Plasma glucose levels during intravenous glucose tolerance test (ivGTT) and intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test (ipITT) were also higher in the HF group, whereas Kitt was significantly lower (–34%), suggesting reduced insulin sensitivity. In the same sense, HF animals present pancreatic islets hypertrophy and high β-cell mass. HF animals also had a significant increase in blood glucose levels during pyruvate tolerance test, indicating increased gluconeogenesis. Hepatic morphology analyses showed an increase in lipid inclusion in the HF group. Moreover, PEPCK and FAS protein expression were higher in the livers of the HF animals (+79% and + 37%, respectively). In conclusion, HF during puberty causes obese phenotype leading to glucose dyshomeostasis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, which can be related to the overexpression of proteins PEPCK and FAS.

A theoretical and experimental investigation of two-dimensional (2-D) liquid curtains (gravitationally thinning liquid sheets) is provided under conditions where the curtain issues from a thin slot whose centreline is inclined with respect to the vertical. This analysis is motivated in part by recent works where it has been proposed that oblique liquid curtains (those exiting a non-vertical slot) may bend upwards against gravity when the relevant Weber number at the slot is less than unity ($We <1$). By contrast, Weinstein et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 876, 2019, R3) have proposed that such $We<1$ curtains must be vertical and downward falling regardless of the inclination of the slot. Under low-Reynolds-number ($Re$) conditions typical of liquid film coating operations, our experiments show that the curtain shape follows the classic ballistic (parabolic) trajectory in the supercritical regime ($We>1$). In subcritical conditions ($We<1$), experiments show that the downward-falling curtain is vertical except in a relatively small region near the slot, where the combined effects of viscosity and surface tension induce the so-called teapot effect. These experimental results are confirmed by 2-D numerical simulations, which predict the curtain behaviour ranging from highly viscous ($Re = O(1)$) to nearly inviscid conditions. The one-dimensional (1-D) inviscid model of Weinstein et al. is recast in a different form to facilitate comparisons with the 2-D model, and 1-D and 2-D results agree favourably for supercritical and subcritical conditions. Despite the large parameter range explored, we have found no evidence that upward-bending curtains exist in an oblique configuration.