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Early mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI or concussion sustained between 0 and 5 years old) can lead to post-concussive symptoms, behavioral changes, and cognitive difficulties. Although school-age children (6–17 years old) experience similar consequences, severe neuropsychological deficits are not common, and the majority have no persisting symptoms after one month. Thus, there may be value in focusing on what characterizes optimal functioning (or wellness) after mTBI, but this has not been explored in young children. This study documents the evolution and predictors of optimal functioning after early mTBI.
Method:
Participants were 190 children aged 18 – 60 months with mTBI (n = 69), orthopedic injury (OI; n = 50), or typical development (TDC; n = 71). Optimal functioning was defined as: (1) no clinically significant behavioral problems; (2) no cognitive difficulties; (3) no persisting post-concussive symptoms; (4) average quality of life or better. Predictors related to sociodemographic, injury, child, and caregiver characteristics included number of acute symptoms, child sex, age, temperament, maternal education, parent-child attachment and interaction quality, and parenting stress.
Results:
Fewer children with mTBI had optimal functioning over 6 and 18-months post-injury compared to those with OI and TDC. Higher parent-child interaction quality and lower child negative affectivity temperament independently predicted optimal functioning.
Conclusion:
Children who sustain early mTBI are less likely to exhibit optimal functioning than their peers in the long-term. Parent-child interaction quality could be a potential intervention target for promoting optimal function.
Background: Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIg) use for Central Nervous System (CNS) conditions has increased over the last decade. In many CNS disorders, robust evidence for IVIg efficacy is still lacking. Building on the success of the British Columbia (BC) Neuromuscular IVIg utilization initiative, Guidelines for IVIg use in CNS conditions were developed. A provincial screening program was launched in 2023. Methods: For CNS IVIg, requests, diagnosis, dosing, consultation letters and treatment questionnaires were reviewed. Patient management was compared to provincial guidelines. A letter was sent to the ordering physician with the results of the review and treatment recommendations when management differed significantly from guidelines. Review of the first year’s cases was conducted. Results: Over the first 11 months of the program, 79 IVIg renewal requests were reviewed. The most common diagnoses were antibody mediated autoimmune encephalitis, severe drug resistant non-surgical epilepsy and Susac’s syndrome. Recommendations included dose reduction, discontinuation of IVIg, or initiation of alternative therapies for many of the requests. Conclusions: IVIg may be effective in the management of some CNS inflammatory conditions. A physician-led utilization program in BC with targeted education to ordering physicians promotes best practice. Review of year one data will inform a quality improvement cycle to optimize the guidelines.
Effects of acute thermal exposures on appetite appear hypothetical in reason of very heterogeneous methodologies. The aim of this study was therefore to clearly define the effects of passive 24-h cold (16°C) and heat (32°C) exposures on appetitive responses compared with a thermoneutral condition (24°C). Twenty-three healthy, young and active male participants realised three sessions (from 13.00) in a laboratory conceived like an apartment dressed with the same outfit (Clo = 1). Three meals composed of three or four cold or warm dishes were served ad libitum to assess energy intake (EI). Leeds Food Preference Questionnaires were used before each meal to assess food reward. Subjective appetite was regularly assessed, and levels of appetitive hormones (acylated ghrelin, glucagon-like peptite-1, leptin and peptide YY) were assessed before and after the last meal (lunch). Contrary to the literature, total EI was not modified by cold or heat exposure (P = 0·120). Accordingly, hunger scores (P = 0·554) were not altered. Levels of acylated ghrelin and leptin were marginally higher during the 16 (P = 0·032) and 32°C (P < 0·023) sessions, respectively. Interestingly, implicit wanting for cold and low-fat foods at 32°C and for warm and high-fat foods at 16°C were increased during the whole exposure (P < 0·024). Moreover, cold entrées were more consumed at 32°C (P < 0·062) and warm main dishes more consumed at 16°C (P < 0·025). Thus, passive cold and hot exposures had limited effects on appetite, and it seems that offering some choice based on food temperature may help individuals to express their specific food preferences and maintain EI.
Au cours du vieillissement, les adultes ayant une déficience intellectuelle (DI) vivent de nombreux changements susceptibles d’influencer leurs possibilités d’exercer leurs activités quotidiennes et leurs rôles sociaux. Une bonne connaissance de leurs points de vue sur le sujet apparaît cruciale pour mieux adapter l’offre de services à leurs besoins. Cette recherche a pour but de mieux comprendre les points de vue des personnes ayant une DI à l’égard de leurs possibilités de participation sociale à travers l’avancée en âge. Des entrevues individuelles et un atelier participatif ont été réalisés avec des adultes âgés de 40 à 75 ans dans la ville de Québec. L’analyse de leurs propos a permis d’identifier leurs points de vue relatifs à trois thèmes, soit leurs capacités, les possibilités d’exercer leur participation sociale et les soutiens reçus. Pour conclure, des recommandations sont proposées afin que les pratiques soutiennent réellement leur participation sociale à travers l’avancée en âge.
Symptoms and cognition are both utilized as indicators of recovery following pediatric concussion, yet their interrelationship is not well understood. This study aimed to investigate: 1) the association of post-concussion symptom burden and cognitive outcomes (processing speed and executive functioning [EF]) at 4 and 12 weeks after pediatric concussion, and 2) the moderating effect of sex on this association.
Methods:
This prospective, multicenter cohort study included participants aged 5.00–17.99 years with acute concussion presenting to four Emergency Departments of the Pediatric Emergency Research Canada network. Five processing speed and EF tasks and the Post-Concussion Symptom Inventory (PCSI; symptom burden, defined as the difference between post-injury and retrospective [pre-injury] scores) were administered at 4 and 12 weeks post-concussion. Generalized least squares models were conducted with task performances as dependent variables and PCSI and PCSI*sex interaction as the main predictors, with important pre-injury demographic and injury characteristics as covariates.
Results:
311 children (65.0% males; median age = 11.92 [IQR = 9.14–14.21 years]) were included in the analysis. After adjusting for covariates, higher symptom burden was associated with lower Backward Digit Span (χ2 = 9.85, p = .043) and Verbal Fluency scores (χ2 = 10.48, p = .033) across time points; these associations were not moderated by sex, ps ≥ .20. Symptom burden was not associated with performance on the Coding, Continuous Performance Test, and Color-Word Interference scores, ps ≥ .17.
Conclusions:
Higher symptom burden is associated with lower working memory and cognitive flexibility following pediatric concussion, yet these associations were not moderated by sex. Findings may inform concussion management by emphasizing the importance of multifaceted assessments of EF.
Les aînés qui vivent avec des problèmes de santé mentale ou des difficultés psychosociales sont souvent isolés et marginalisés. Le programme Participe-présent a été développé dans le but de promouvoir leur participation communautaire. Les objectifs de cette étude étaient de 1) décrire la pertinence, l’acceptabilité, et la faisabilité du programme lors de sa mise à l’essai et 2) d’explorer les bienfaits et les effets à court-terme du programme pour les participants. Vingt-trois aînés, quatre animateurs et trois responsables provenant de quatre organismes ont participé à l’étude. Les aînés ont été satisfaits de leur expérience de participation au programme et ont rapporté une meilleure connaissance des ressources et une plus grande satisfaction à l’égard de leur vie sociale. Les animateurs et les responsables d’organismes ont souligné l’adaptabilité de Participe-présent aux besoins de leur clientèle et à leur contexte de pratique, et ont identifié les facilitateurs et les obstacles à sa mise en œuvre. D’autres études mèneront à des recommandations favorisant le succès de la mise en œuvre de Participe-présent dans différents contextes.