Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-27gpq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-29T06:55:25.990Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

11 - The Syrian-Egyptian Wars and the new lingdoms of Asia Minor

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 March 2008

H. Heinen
Affiliation:
University of Trier
F. W. Walbank
Affiliation:
University of Liverpool
A. E. Astin
Affiliation:
Queen's University Belfast
Get access

Summary

This chapter describes the wars between the Ptolemies and the Seleucids from the end of the eighties to the battle of Raphia (217 B.C.). These conflicts, which scholars term the Syrian Wars, were to continue in the second century; they run like a scarlet thread through the history of the Ptolemies and the Seleucids. The virtually incessant enmity between the two neighbouring kingdoms was not restricted to the wars for possession of the border areas of Phoenicia and Palestine but came to assume far greater proportions; in the third century the Syrian Wars also encompassed the western and southern coasts of Asia Minor and helped create the conditions that led to a new configuration of states in that area. The Jewish people was caught up in the centre of the conflict through the fact that Palestine was under Ptolemaic rule throughout the third century. This link with Egypt had brought large numbers of Jews to Alexandria. In the second century B.C. the growing hellenization of the Alexandrian Jews made it necessary to translate the Scriptures into Greek (the Septuagint) but it also gave rise to anti-semitism, which would reach its bloody climax in Roman Alexandria. This hellenization also ranks as one of the historical consequences of the link between Ptolemaic Egypt and the Phoenician-Palestinian region, no less than the intervention of the Romans in the Near East from the beginning of the second century onwards, which was invited by the conflicts between the Ptolemies and the Seleucids.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 1984

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Avi-Yonah, M.Palaestina’, Pauly, , Wissowa, and others, Real-Encyclopädie der classischen Altertums-Wissenschaft Suppl. XIII (1973) cols.Google Scholar
Bagnall, R. S. The Administration of the Ptolemaic Possessions outside Egypt. Leiden, 1976.
Bar-Kochva, B. The Seleucid Army. Organization and Tactics in the Great Campaigns. Cambridge, 1976.
Bengtson, H.Die Inschriften von Labranda und die Politik des Antigonos Doson’, Sitzungsberichte der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, phil.-hist. Abteilung 1971 no. 3.Google Scholar
Bengtson, H. Die Strategic in der hellenistischen Zeit. Ein Beitrag zum antiken Staatsrecht (Münch. Beitr. Papyr. 26, 32, 36). Ed. 2 Munich, 1964–7.
Bevan, E. A History of Egypt under the Ptolemaic Dynasty. London, 1927.
Bresciani, E.La spedizione di Tolomeo II in Siria in un ostrakon demotico inedito da Karnak’, Das Ptol. Aegypten (1978).Google Scholar
Bülow-Jacobsen, A.P. Haun. 6: an inspection of the original’, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 36 (1979).Google Scholar
C. Ord. Ptol. Lenger, M.-Th. , Corpus des ordonnances des Ptoleémées. Brussels, 1964; revised ed., 1980.
Cardinali, G. Ilregno di Pergamo. Ricerche di storia e di diritto pubblico. Rome, 1906.
Clarysse, W.Hurgonaphor et Chaonnophris, les derniers pharaons indigénes’, Chron. d'Égypte 53 (1978).Google Scholar
Crampa, J. Labraunda. Swedish Excavations and Researches iii. 1–2: The Greek Inscriptions (Acta Instituti Atheniensis Regni Sueciae, Series in 4°, V). Lund, 1969 and Stockholm, 1972. (Critical review of III.I: Chr. Habicht in Gnomon 44 (1972)).
Crawford, D. J., Quaegebeur, J. and Clarysse, W. Studies on Ptolemaic Memphis (Studia Hellenistica 24). Louvain, 1980.
Fischer, Th. Seleukiden und Makkabäer. Beiträges zur Seleukidengeschichte und zu den politischen Ereignissen in Judäa während der 1. Hälfte des 2. Jahrhunderts v. Chr, Bochum, 1980.
Fraser, P. M. Ptolemaic Alexandria. 3 vols. Oxford, 1972.
Fraser, P. M. and Bean, G. E. The Rhodian Peraea and Islands, Oxford, 1954.
Galili, E.Raphia, 217 B.C.E., revisited’, Scripta Classica lsraelica 3 (1976/7 [1978]). (Also published separately with corrigenda).Google Scholar
Gelder, H. Geschichte der alten Rhodier, The Hague, 1900.
Habicht, Chr.Bemerkungen zum P. Haun. 6’, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 39 (1980).Google Scholar
Hansen, E. V. The Attalids of Pergamon (Cornell Studies in Classical Philology 36). Ed. 2. Ithaca-London, 1971.
Heinen, H. Untersuchungen zur hellenistischen Geschichte des 3. Jahrhunderts v. Chr. Zur Geschichte der Zeit des Ptolemaios Keraunos und zum Chremonideischen Krieg (Historia Einzelschr. 20). Wiesbaden, 1972.
Hengel, M. Judentum und Hellenismus. Studien zu ihrer Begegnung unter besonderer Berücksichtigung Palästinas bis zur Mitte des 2. Jahrhunderts v. Chr. Ed. 2. Tubingen, 1973.
Hengel, M. Juden, Griechen und Barbaren. Aspekte der Hellenisierung des Judentums in vorchristlicher Zeit (Stuttgarter Bibelstudien 76). Stuttgart, 1976.
Huss, W. Untersuchungen zur Aussenpolitik Ptolemaios' IV. (Münch. Beitr. Papyr. 60). Munich, 1976.
Huss, W.Eine Revoke der Aegypter in der Zeit des 3. Syrischen Krieges’, Aegyptus 58 (1978).Google Scholar
Huss, W.Eine ptolemäische Expedition nach Kleinasien’, Ancient Society, 8 (1977).Google Scholar
I–III reprinted Milan, 1974.
Kamal, A. Stèles ptolémaïques et romaines (Catalogue général des antiquités égyptiennes du Musée du Caire 20, nos. 22001–8) (text, no. 22183); II, pl. 57 (photograph). Cairo, 1905.
Klose, P. Die völkerrechtliche Ordnung der hellenistischen Staatenwelt in der Zeit von 280–168 v. Chr. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des Völkerrechts (Münch. Beitr. Papyr. 64). Munich, 1972.
Künzl, E. Die Kelten des Epigonos von Pergamon (Beiträge zur Archäologie 4). Würzburg, 1971.
Kyrieleis, H. Bildnisse der Ptolemäer. Berlin, 1975.
Launey, M. Recherches sur les armées hellénistiques. 2 vols. Paris, 1949–50.
Launey, M.Un épisode oublié de l'invasion galate en Asie Mineure (278/7 av. J.-C.)’, Revue des études anciennes 46 (1944).Google Scholar
Longega, G. Arsinoe II (Universitá degli Studi di Padova. Pubblicazioni dell'Istituto di storia antica 6). Rome, 1968.
MacLean Harper, G. JrA study in the commercial relations between Egypt and Syria in the 3rd century B.C. ’, American Journal of Philology. 49 (1928).Google Scholar
Mahaffy, J. P. The Empire of the Ptolemies. London, 1895.
Montevecchi, O. La Papirologia. Turin, 1973.
Orth, W. Königlicher Machtanspruch und städtische Freiheit (Münch. Beitr. Papyr. 71). Munich, 1977. (Review by Musti, D. , Gnomon 52 (1980)).
Pédech, P. La méthode historique de Polybe. Paris, 1964.
Peremans, W.Ptolémée et les Egyptiens’, in Mélanges Préaux (1975).Google Scholar
Polenz, H.Gedanken zu einer Fibel vom Mittellatèneschema aus Kayseri in Anatolien’, Bonner Jahrbücber 178 (1978) (with a comprehensive survey of Celtic finds in Asia Minor).Google Scholar
Préaux, C.Polybe et Ptolémée Philopator’, Chron. d'Égypte 40 (1965).Google Scholar
Préaux, C. Le monde hellénistique. La Grèce et l'Orient de la mort d' Alexandre à la conquête romaine de la Grèce (323–146 av. J.-C.) (Nouvelle Clio 6 and 6 bis). 2 vols. Paris, 1978.
Robert, L. Études anatoliennes. Recherches sur les inscriptions grecques de l'Asie Mineure. Paris, 1937.
Roeder, G. Die ägyptische Götterwelt, Zürich, 1959.
Rostovtzeff, M. The Social and Economic History of the Hellenistic World. 3 vols. Ed. 2. Oxford, 1953.
Schmitt, H. H.Polybios und das Gleichgewicht der Mächte’, in Reverdin, O. (ed.), Entretiens sur l' antiquité classique. Fondation Hardt. Vandoeuvres-Geneva 20 (1974) (discussion: 94–102).Google Scholar
Schmitt, H. H. Untersuchungen zur Geschichte Antiochos' des Grossen und seiner Zeit (Historia Einzelschr. 6). Wiesbaden, 1964.
Seibert, J. Historische Beiträge zu den dynastischen Verbindungen in hellenistischer Zeit (Historia Einzelschr. 10). Wiesbaden, 1967.
Seibert, J.Die Schlacht bei Ephesos’, Historia 25 (1976).Google Scholar
Sethe, K. Hieroglyphische Urkunden der griechisch-römischen Zeit. Leipzig, 1904–16. (Texts without translation or commentary).
Shear, T. L. Jr Kallias of Sphettos and the Revolt of Athens in 28 B.C. (Hesperia. Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens Suppl. 17). Princeton, 1978.
Stähelin, F. Geschichte der kleinasiatischen Galater. Ed. 2. Leipzig, 1907.
Thissen, H.-J. Studien zum Raphiadekret (Beiträge zur klassischen Philologie 23). Meisenheim am Glan, 1966.
Tscherikower, V.Palestine under the Ptolemies (a contribution to the study of the Zenon Papyri)’, Mizraim 4–5 (1937).Google Scholar
Walbank, F. W. A Historical Commentary on Polybius. 3 vols. Oxford, 1957 (I); 1967 (II); 1979 (III).
Walbank, F. W.Egypt in Polybius’, in Fairman Studies (1979).Google Scholar
Welles, C. B.The constitution of Edessa’, Yale Classical Studies 5 (1935).Google Scholar
Wenning, R. Die Galateranatheme Attalos' I. Eine Untersuchung zum Bestand und zur Nachwirkung pergamenischer Skulptur (Pergamenische Forschungen 4). Berlin, 1978.
Will, Ed. Histoire politique du monde hellénistique. 2 vols. Nancy, 1967 (II); 1979 (I, ed. 2); 1982 (II, ed. 2).
Wörrle, M.Antiochos I., Achaios der Ältere und die Galater. Eine neue Inschrift in Denizli’, Chiron 5 (1975).Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×