Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-fqc5m Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-19T05:59:05.505Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

13 - Underwater sensor networks

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 December 2014

Mohammad S. Obaidat
Affiliation:
Monmouth University, New Jersey
Sudip Misra
Affiliation:
Indian Institute of Technology
Get access

Summary

Underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) are wireless networks of autonomous sensor-aided devices, called motes or sensor nodes, deployed over a region of water for the collaborative execution of a given task. Nearly 70% of the earth’s surface is covered by water, mainly oceans. The vast majority of this area remains unexplored. The advent of UWSNs provides a new direction in the field of oceanic exploration and information collection. Major applications of UWSNs exist in both the military and civilian fields. Oceanographic data collection, environmental monitoring, pollution monitoring and control, intrusion detection, mapping of underwater area, detection of explosives, mines, oil and minerals, and guided navigation of rescue teams by collaboration with autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) and remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) are a few such potential applications [1].

Recently, a lot of real-world short-term deployments have been performed and long-term projects have been undertaken using UWSNs for various applications [2]. One such initial experiment was done in Seaweb [3]. Seaweb was targeted for military applications with a goal of designing specific protocols for detection of submarines and communication between them. In this case, UWSN was deployed in a coastal area, and experiments were carried out for several days. Various institutes have taken such initiatives for designing autonomous and robotic vehicles to be used in underwater exploration. In an underwater data-collection experiment undertaken by Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Australia’s Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, both fixed nodes and autonomous vehicles were used [4]. Another recent initiative was undertaken by IBM and Beacon Institute jointly [5]. The project concerns on environmental monitoring application to study and collect the biological, chemical, and physical information of the Hudson River in New York.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2014

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Akyildiz, I. F., Pompili, D. and Melodia, T., “Underwater acoustic sensor networks: research challenges,”Ad Hoc Networks, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 257–279, 2005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heidemann, J., Stojanovic, M. and Zorzi, M., “Underwater sensor networks: applications, advances and challenges,” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, Vol. 370, pp. 158–175, 2012.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Proakis, J., Sozer, E., Rice, J. and Stojanovic, M., “Shallow water acoustic networks,” Proceedings of IEEE Communication Magazine, Vol. 39, pp. 114–119, 2001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vasilescu, I., Kotay, K., Rus, D., Dunbabin, M. and Corke, P., “Data collection, storage, and retrieval with an underwater sensor network,” in Proceedings of ACM SenSys, San Diego, CA, pp. 154–165, Nov. 2005.Google Scholar
Melodia, T., Kulhandjian, H., Kuo, L. C. and Demirors, E., “Advances in underwater acoustic networking,” in Mobile Ad Hoc Networking: Cutting Edge Directions, Second Edition, Basangni, S. et al., Ed. John Wiley & Sons, 2013, pp. 804–852.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Akyildiz, I. F., Su, W., Sankarasubramaniam, Y. and Cayirci, E., “Wireless sensor networks: a survey,” Computer Networks, Vol. 38, No. 4, pp. 393–422, 2002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Akkaya, K. and Younis, M., “A survey on routing protocols for wireless sensor networks,” Ad hoc Networks, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 325–349, 2005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Akyildiz, I. F., Su, W., Sankarasubramaniam, Y. and Cayirci, E., “A survey on sensor networks,” IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 40, No. 8, pp. 102–114, 2002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anastasi, G., Conti, M., Di Francesco, M. and Passarella, A., “Energy conservation in wireless sensor networks: a survey,” Ad Hoc Networks, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 537–568, 2009.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cui, J.-H., Kong, J., Gerla, M. and Zhou, S., “Challenges: building scalable mobile underwater wireless sensor networks for aquatic applications,” IEEE Network, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 12–18, 2006.Google Scholar
Heidemann, J., Ye, W., Wills, J., Syed, A. and Li, Y., “Research challenges and applications for underwater sensor networking,” in Proceedings of IEEE Wireless Communication and Networking Conference, Las Vegas, NV, USA, pp. 228–235, 2006.Google Scholar
Kong, J., Cui, J.-H., Wu, D. and Gerla, M., “Building underwater ad-hoc networks and sensor networks for large scale real-time aquatic applications,” in Proceedings of IEEE Military Communication Conference, Atlantic City, NJ, USA, pp. 1535–1541, 2005.Google Scholar
Ayaz, M. and Abdullah, A., “Underwater wireless sensor networks: routing issues and future challenges,” in Proceedings of the 7th ACM International Conference on Advances in Mobile Computing & Multimedia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, pp. 370–375, 2009.Google Scholar
Akyildiz, I. F., Pompili, D. and Melodia, T., “State of the art in protocol research for underwater acoustic sensor networks,” Mobile Computing and Communications Review, Vol. 11, No. 4, 2007.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pinet, P. R., Invitation to Oceanography, 5th Edition, Jones & Bartlett Learning, ISBN: , 2008.Google Scholar
Ainslie, M. A., Principles of Sonar Performance Modelling, Springer, ISBN: , 2010.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Misra, S. and Ghosh, A. A., “The effects of variable sound speed on localization in underwater sensor networks,” in Proceedings of Australasian Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference, pp. 1–4, 2011.
Dushaw, B. D., Worcester, P. F., Cornuelle, B. D. and Howe, B. M., “On equations for the speed of sound in seawater,” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 93, No. 1, pp. 255–275, 1993.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mackenzie, K. V., “Discussion of sea water sound-speed determinations,” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 70, No. 3, pp. 801–806, 1981.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, C. T. and Millero, F. J., “Speed of sound in seawater at high pressures,” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 62, No. 5, pp. 1129–1135, 1977.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clay, C. S. and Medwin, H., Acoustical Oceanography: Principles and Applications. New York: John Wiley & Sons, ISBN: , 1977, pp. 88 and 98–99.Google Scholar
Denny, M. W., How the Ocean Works: an Introduction to Oceanography, Princeton University Press, ISBN: , 2008.Google Scholar
Technical Report: International Association for Oil and Gas Producers, “Fundamentals of underwater sound,” Report No. 406, May 2008.
Schulkin, M. and Marsh, H. W., “Sound absorption in sea water,” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 34, pp. 864–865, 1962.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thorp, W. H. and Browning, D. G., “Attenuation of low frequency sound in the ocean,” Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 26, pp. 576–578, 1973.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Au Whitlow, W. L., The Sonar of Dolphins, Springer, ISBN: , 1993.Google Scholar
Brekhovskikh, L. M., Fundamentals of Ocean Acoustics, 3rd ed. Springer, ISBN: , 2003.Google Scholar
Coates, R. F. W., Underwater Acoustic Systems, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN: , 1989.Google Scholar
Stojanovic, M., “On the relationship between capacity and distance in an underwater acoustic channel,” in Proceedings of ACM Workshop on Underwater Networks, pp. 41–47, 2006.
Preisig, J., “Acoustic propagation considerations for underwater acoustics communications network development,” ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review, Vol. 11, No. 4, Oct. 2007.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jurdak, R., Lopes, C. V. and Baldi, P., “Software acoustic modems for short range mote-based underwater sensor networks,” in Proceedings of IEEE Oceans, Singapore, pp. 1–7, May 2006.Google Scholar
Jurdak, R., Aguiar, P. M. Q., Baldi, P. and Lopes, C. V., “Software modems for underwater sensor networks,” in Proceedings of Oceans, pp. 1–6, June 2007.
Jurdak, R., Ruzzelli, A. G., O’Hare, G. M. P. and Lopes, C. V., “Mote-based underwater sensor networks: opportunities, challenges, and guidelines,” Telecommunication System, Vol. 37, No. 1–3, pp. 37–47, 2008.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fallon, M. F., Papadopoulos, G., Leonard, J. J. and Patrikalakis, N. M., “Cooperative AUV navigation using a single maneuvering surface craft,” International Journal of Robotics Research, Vol. 29, pp. 1461–1474, 2010.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woithe, H., Boehm, D. and Kremer, U., “Improving Slocum glider dead reckoning using a Doppler velocity log,” in Proceedings of MTS/IEEE OCEANS, Waikoloa, HI, pp. 1–5, 2011.Google Scholar
Paduan, J. B., Caress, D. W., Clague, D. A., Paull, C. K. and Thomas, H., “High-resolution mapping of mass wasting, tectonic, and volcanic hazards using the MBARI mapping AUV,” in International Conference on Seafloor Mapping for Geohazard Assessment, Forio d’Ischia, Italy, May 11–13, 2009.Google Scholar
Pompili, D., Melodia, T. and Akyildiz, I. F., “Deployment analysis in underwater acoustic wireless sensor networks,” in Proceedings of ACM Workshop on Underwater Networks, Los Angeles, California, USA, pp. 48–55, September 2006.Google Scholar
Pompili, D., Melodia, T. and Akyildiz, I. F., “Three-dimensional and two-dimensional deployment analysis for underwater acoustic sensor networks,” Ad Hoc Networks, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 778–790, 2009.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pompili, D. and Melodia, T., “An architecture for ocean bottom underwater acoustic sensor networks (UWASN),” in Proceedings of Mediterranean Ad Hoc Networking Workshop, Bodrum, Turkey, 2004.Google Scholar
Seah, W. K. G. and Tan, H.-X., “Multipath virtual sink architecture for underwater sensor networks,” in Proceedings of IEEE Oceans, Singapore, pp. 1–6, 2006.Google Scholar
Climent, S., Capella, J. V., Meratnia, N. and Serrano, J. J., “Underwater sensor networks: a new energy efficient and robust architecture,” SENSORS, Vol. 12, pp. 704–731, 2012.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lin, W., Li, D., Tan, Y., Chen, J. and Sun, T., “Architecture of underwater acoustic sensor networks: a survey,” in Proceedings of Intelligent Networks and Intelligent Systems, pp. 155–159, 2008.
Ojha, T., Khatua, M. and Misra, S., “Tic-tac-toe-arch: a self-organizing virtual architecture for underwater sensor networks,” IET Wireless Sensor Systems, Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 307–316, Dec. 2013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, J., Li, D., Zhou, M. and Ghosal, D., “Data collection with multiple mobile actors in underwater sensor networks,” in Proceedings of IEEE Workshop on Delay/Disruption-Tolerant Mobile Networks, pp. 216–221, 2008.
Erol, M., Vieira, L. F. M. and Gerla, M., “Localization with DiveNRise (DNR) beacons for underwater acoustic sensor networks,” in Proceedings of ACM WUWNet, pp. 97–100, 2007.
Isik, M. T. and Akan, O. B., “A three dimensional localization algorithm for underwater acoustic sensor networks,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, Vol. 8, No. 9, pp. 4457–4463, 2009.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ojha, T. and Misra, S., “HASL: high-speed AUV-based silent localization for underwater sensor networks,” in Proceedings of the International Conference on Heterogeneous Networking for Quality, Reliability, Security and Robustness, LNICST 115, Greater Noida, India, pp. 128–140, 2013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ojha, T. and Misra, S., “MobiL: a 3-dimensional localization scheme for mobile underwater sensor networks,” in Proceedings of National Conference on Communications, New Delhi, India, pp. 1–5, 2013.Google Scholar
Novikov, A. and Bagtzoglou, A., “Hydrodynamic model of the lower Hudson River estuarine system and its application for water quality management,” Water Resources Management, Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 257–276, 2006.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bagtzoglou, A. and Novikov, A., “Chaotic behavior and pollution dispersion characteristics in engineered tidal embayments: a numerical investigation,” Journal of American Water Resources Association, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 207–219, 2007.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stojanovic, M., “Recent advances in high-speed underwater acoustic communications,” IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 125–136, 1996.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stojanovic, M., “Underwater acoustic communications,” in Encyclopedia of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Webster, John G., ed. John Wiley and Sons, 1999, pp. 688–698.Google Scholar
Green, D., “Acoustic modems, navigation aids, and networks for undersea operations,” in Proceedings of IEEE Oceans, Sydney, Australia, pp. 1–6, 2010.Google Scholar
Singh, S., Webster, S., Freitag, L., et al., “Acoustic communication performance of the WHOI micro-modem in sea trials of the Nereus vehicle to 11000m depth,” in Proceedings of IEEE Oceans, Biloxi, MS, pp. 1–6, 2009.Google Scholar
Kredo, K., Djukic, P. and Mohapatra, P., “STUMP: exploiting position diversity in the staggered TDMA underwater MAC protocol,” in Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM Mini-Conference, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, pp. 2961–2965, 2009.Google Scholar
Fan, G., Chen, H., Xie, L. and Wang, K., “A hybrid reservation-based MAC protocol for underwater acoustic sensor networks,” Ad Hoc Networks, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 1178–1192, 2013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karn, P., “MACA – a new channel access method for packet radio,” in Proceedings of the 9th ARRL Computer Networking Conference, London, Ontario, Canada, 1990.Google Scholar
Molins, M. and Stojanovic, M., “Slotted FAMA: a MAC protocol for underwater acoustic networks,” in Proceedings of IEEE Oceans, pp. 1–6, 2006.
Fullmer, C. L. and Garcia-Luna-Aceves, J. J., “Floor acquisition multiple access (FAMA) for packet-radio networks,” in Proceedings of SIGCOMM, pp. 262–273, 1995.
Partan, J., Kurose, J. and Levine, B. N., “A survey of practical issues in underwater networks,” ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review, Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 23–33, 2007.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xie, P., Cui, J.-H. and Lao, L., “VBF: vector-based forwarding protocol for underwater sensor networks,” in Proceedings of IFIP Networking, pp. 1216–1221, 2006.
Yan, H., Shi, Z. J. and Cui, J.-H., “DBR: depth-based routing for underwater sensor networks,” in Proceedings of the IFIP-TC6 Networking Conference on AdHoc and Sensor Networks, Wireless Networks, Next Generation Internet, pp. 72–86, 2008.
Noh, Y., Lee, U., Wang, P., Choi, B. S. C. and Gerla, M., “VAPR: void-aware pressure routing for underwater sensor networks,” IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, Vol. 12, No. 5, pp. 895–908, 2013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xie, P. and Cui, J.-H., “An FEC-based reliable data transport protocol for underwater sensor networks,” in Proceedings of International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks, Honolulu, HI, pp. 747–753, 2007.Google Scholar
Xie, P., Zhou, Z., Peng, Z., Cui, J.-H. and Shi, Z., “SDRT: a reliable data transport protocol for underwater sensor networks,” Ad Hoc Networks, Vol. 8, No. 7, pp. 708–722, 2010.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luby, M., Mitzenmacher, M., Shokrollahi, A., Spielman, D. and Stemann, V., “Practical loss-resilient codes,” in Proceedings of ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, pp. 150–159, 1997.
Misra, S. and Khatua, M., “Cross-layer techniques and applications in wireless sensor networks,” in Using Cross-Layer Techniques for Communication Systems, Rashvand, H. F. and Kavian, Y. S., Ed. USA: IGI Global, 2012, pp. 94–119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vuran, M. C., Gungor, V. C. and Akan, O. B., “On the interdependence of congestion and contention in wireless sensor networks,” in Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Measurement, Modeling, and Performance Analysis of Wireless Sensor Networks, San Diego, CA, USA, 2005.Google Scholar
Mendes, L. D. P. and Rodrigues, J. J. P. C., “A survey on cross-layer solutions for wireless sensor networks,” Journal of Network and Computer Applications, Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 523–534, 2011.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Erol-Kantarci, M., Mouftah, H. T. and Oktug, S., “A survey of architectures and localization techniques for underwater acoustic sensor networks,” IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 487–502, 2011.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×