Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Contributors
- Preface
- 1 Evaluation of cognitive and behavioral disorders in the stroke unit
- Motor and gestural disorders
- Aphasia and arthric disorders
- Hemineglect, Anton–Babinski and right hemisphere syndromes
- Agnosia and Bálint's syndrome
- 14 Cortical blindness
- 15 Bálint's syndrome
- 16 Prosopagnosia
- 17 Object and color agnosia
- 18 Auditory disorders related to strokes
- Executive and memory disorders
- Behavioral and mood disorders
- Dementia and anatomical left/right syndromes
- Index
- References
17 - Object and color agnosia
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 10 October 2009
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Contributors
- Preface
- 1 Evaluation of cognitive and behavioral disorders in the stroke unit
- Motor and gestural disorders
- Aphasia and arthric disorders
- Hemineglect, Anton–Babinski and right hemisphere syndromes
- Agnosia and Bálint's syndrome
- 14 Cortical blindness
- 15 Bálint's syndrome
- 16 Prosopagnosia
- 17 Object and color agnosia
- 18 Auditory disorders related to strokes
- Executive and memory disorders
- Behavioral and mood disorders
- Dementia and anatomical left/right syndromes
- Index
- References
Summary
The visual agnosias
For seeing persons vision is the major source of object recognition. Although agnosia can affect recognition by other sensory channels (see Chapter 18) the majority of research and clinical interest in object agnosia concerns visual agnosia, which is also the topic of this chapter.
The term agnosia characterizes absent recognition in spite of preserved perception. Clinical diagnosis of visual agnosia is based on a model of visual recognition which was developed at the turning from the nineteenth to the twentieth century (Liepmann, 1908; Lissauer, 1890) but still serves as the starting point for cognitive analyses of visual recognition (Humphreys and Riddoch, 1987; Marr, 1982). This model distinguishes two stages leading from visual perception to recognition. At the “apperceptive” stage, elements of primary visual perceptions, like contours, brightness, texture, and color, are integrated into a coherent structural representation of the object. At the following “associative” stage, the structural representation gains access to semantic memory where knowledge about non-visual properties of the object is stored. Activation of knowledge about the object is equivalent to recognition and a necessary prerequisite for retrieving its name. Agnosia is classified as apperceptive or associative according to which of these stages is affected. Although modern neurophysiology casts doubts on the clean distinction between subsequent stages of visual recognition, the syndromes of “apperceptive agnosia” and “associative agnosia” have proven to correspond to salient and distinguishable clinical syndromes.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- The Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology of Stroke , pp. 335 - 347Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2007
References
(1944). Disintegration and restoration of optic recognition in visual agnosia. Analysis of a case. Arch. Neurol., 51, 243–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1950). Course and outcome of visual agnosia. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis., 111, 41–51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and (1969). Visual form agnosia – a specific defect in visual discrimination. Arch. Neurol., 20, 82–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
., ., ., ., and (2002). Pure superficial posterior cerebral artery territory infarction in The Lausanne Stroke Registry. J. Neurol., 249, 855–61.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and (1991). The neurobiology of blindsight. Trends Neurosci., 14, 140–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , , and (1980). Central achromatopsia: Behavioral, anatomic, and physiologic aspects. Neurology, 30, 1064–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and (1997). Associative agnosia and optic aphasia: Qualitative or quantitative difference?Cortex, 33, 115–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and (2004). Loss of high-level perceptual knowledge of object structure in DAT. Neuropsychologia, 43, 60–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1889). Ueber optische Aphasie und Seelenblindheit. Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten, 20, 276–97, 371–416.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2004). A metanalysis of impaired and spared naming for different categories of knowledge in patients with a visuo-verbal disconnection. Neuropsychologia, 42, 299–319.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , and (1983). Drawing objects from memory in aphasia. Brain, 106, 613–22.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, and (1962). Die Rückbildung der kortikalen Blindheit. Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift, 74, 406–7.Google Scholar
(1992). Loss of visual imagery and loss of visual knowledge – a case study, Neuropsychologia, 30, 1081–99.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(2002a). Goldstein and Gelb's case Schn. – a classic case in neuropsychology? In Classic Cases in Neuropsychology, Vol. 2, ed. et al. Hove: Psychology Press, pp. 281–99.Google Scholar
(2002b). Neuropsychologie - Grundlagen, Klinik, Rehabilitation, 3. Auflage Urban and Fischer, München.Google Scholar
, and (2003). Defective pantomime of object use in left brain damage: Apraxia or asymbolia?Neuropsychologia, 41, 1565–73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and (1998). The more you know the less you can tell: Inhibitory effects of visuo-semantic activation on modality specific visual misnaming, Cortex, 34, 471–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and (1918). Psychologische Analysen hirnpathologischer Fälle auf Grund von Untersuchungen Hirnverletzter – I. Abhandlung. Zur Psychologie des optischen Wahrnehmungs- und Erkennungsvorganges. Zeitschrift für die gesamte Neurologie und Psychiatrie, 41, 1–142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , et al. (1994). The nature and limits of orientation and pattern processing supporting visuomotor control in a visual form agnosic. J. Cogn. Neurosci., 6, 46–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Humphreys, G. W. and Riddoch, M. J. (1987). The fractionation of visual agnosia. In Visual Object Processing: A Cognitive Neuropsychological Approach, ed. and . Hove London Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum, pp. 281–306.Google Scholar
(2002). Alzheimer disease and cerebrovascular pathology: An update. J. Neural Transm., 109, 813–36.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , and (1982). Visual recognition through kinaesthetic mediation. Psychol. Med., 12, 515–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and (1973). A visual-speech disconnection syndrome. Report of a case with optic aphasia, agnosic alexia and colour agnosia. Brain, 96, 695–714.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1908). Ueber die agnostischen Stoerungen, Neurologisches Centralblatt, 27, 609–17, 664–75.Google Scholar
(1890). Ein Fall von Seelenblindheit nebst einem Beitrag zur Theorie derselben. Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten, 21, 222–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1982). Vision: A Computational Investigation into the Human Representation and Processing of Visual Information, San Francisco: W. H. Freeman and Co.Google Scholar
(1974). Disturbed perception of colours associated with localized cerebral lesions. Brain, 97, 615–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , , et al. (1991). Perception and action in "visual form agnosia'. Brain, 114, 405–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1993). Perseverative and semantic influences on visual object naming errors in optic aphasia: A connectionist account. J. Cogn. Neurosci., 5, 89–117.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(1984). Neuropsychological demonstration of splenial interhemispheric disconnection in a case of "optic anomia'. Neuropsychologia, 22, 707–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1987). Visual object processing in optic aphasia: A case of semantic access agnosia. Cogn. Neuropsychol., 4, 131–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1995). The case of the colorblind painter. In An Anthropologist on Mars. New York: Vintage Books, pp. 3–41.Google Scholar
, and (1994). Visual agnosia and optic aphasia: Are they anatomically distinct?Cortex, 30, 445–58.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, and (2001). Superadditive effects of multiple lesions in a connectionist architecture: Implications for the neuropsychology of optic aphasia. Psychol. Rev., 107, 709–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , and (1991). A historical case of visual agnosia revisited after 40 years. Brain, 114, 789–800.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , et al. (2004). Behavioral and neuroimaging evidence for a contribution of color and texture information to scene classification in a patient with visual form agnosia. J. Cogn. Neurosci., 16, 955–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , and (1997). Optic aphasia: Evidence of the contribution of different neural systems to object and action naming. Cortex, 33, 499–514.Google Scholar
, and (2004). 2D but not 3D: Pictorial-depth deficits in a case of visual agnosia. Cortex, 40, 723–38.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and (1993). Partial recovery from visual object agnosia: A 10 year follow-up study. Cortex, 29, 529–42.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed