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6 - Learning to Live in Communities: Household Confession and Medieval Forms of Living

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 May 2022

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Summary

A, Lord! And in anoþer place þou seist: þou moste forȝeue of al þin herte. O, Lord! It is hard to an erþeli man […] to do þe deedis of mercy

These lines, from St Brendan's Confession – a fourteenth-century confessional form surviving in eight fourteenth-and fifteenth-century manuscripts – describe the difficulty of living a good life in relation to other people. The corollary of this sentiment, both in St Brendan's Confession and in confessional forms in general, is that difficult though it may be, it's nonetheless possible to learn how. As I will argue in this essay, forms of confession – part of a broad genre of literature that may seem, on the face of it, interior and private – made empathetic, ethical, and generous living in communities their central educational aim. Pedagogy underwrites the confessional form, in other words – a pedagogy that, in addition to offering instruction in Christianity's basic tenets, exemplifies how to live among others with generosity and care. Ultimately, this essay will suggest that forms of confession be thought of as forms of living, even as they are also considered to be confessional literature. ‘Form of living’ might seem, on the face of it, so commonplace a term as to obviate explanation, including in its purview instructional texts we have come to call by that name – Richard Rolle's Form of Living and Walter Hilton's Epistle on the Mixed Life spring to mind. Surely, we know a form of living when we see one. And yet, though sometimes this phrase is used in passing – and though its meaning is perhaps taken for granted – it has not in fact been defined explicitly. In his essay ‘Vernacular Books of Religion’, Vincent Gillespie describes several of the texts to be found in Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Laud Misc. 210, including Book to a Mother and the Charter of the Abbey of the Holy Ghost, as ‘collection[s] of “forms of living.”’ But he does not elaborate further on what might constitute a form of living, and he does not include the confessional form in MS Laud Misc. 210 among the ‘forms of living’ he identifies there.

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Publisher: Boydell & Brewer
Print publication year: 2022

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