Abraham, Itty. 1998. The Making of the Indian Atomic Bomb. London: Zed Books.Google Scholar

Abreu, Hugo. 1979. O Outro Lado do Poder. Rio de Janeiro: Nova Fronteira.Google Scholar

Academic Peace Orchestra Middle East. 2013. “Nuclear Disarmament in South Africa: Historic Events and the Lessons for the Middle East,” Policy Brief Nos. 28/29, pp. 1–16.Google Scholar

Accinelli, Robert. 1996. Crisis and Commitment: United States Policy toward Taiwan, 1950–1955. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar

Accinelli, Robert. 2007. “In Pursuit of a Modus Vivendi: The Taiwan Issue and Sino-American Rapprochement, 1969–1972,” in Normalization of U.S.-China Relations: An International History, pp. 9–55. Kirby, William C., Ross, Robert S., and Li, Gong, eds. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Achen, Christopher H., and Snidal, Duncan. 1989. “Rational Deterrence Theory and Comparative Case Studies,” World Politics, Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 143–169.Google Scholar

Agrell, Wilhelm. 1990. “The Bomb That Never Was: The Rise and Fall of the Swedish Nuclear Weapons Programme,” in Arms Races: Technological and Political Dynamics, pp. 154–174. Gleditsch, Nils Peter and Njølstad, Olav, eds. London: Sage Publications.Google Scholar

Ahmed, Samina. 1999. “Pakistan’s Nuclear Weapons Program: Turning Points and Nuclear Choices,” International Security, Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 178–204.Google Scholar

Ahmed, Samina, and Cortright, David. 1998a. “Going Nuclear: The Weaponization Option,” in Pakistan and the Bomb: Public Opinion and Nuclear Options, pp. 89–110. Ahmed, Samina and Cortright, David, eds. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.Google Scholar

Ahmed, Samina and Cortright, David. 1998b. “Pakistani Public Opinion and Nuclear Weapons Policy,” in Pakistan and the Bomb: Public Opinion and Nuclear Options, pp. 3–27. Ahmed, Samina and Cortright, David, eds. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.Google Scholar

Ahonen, Pertti. 1995. “Franz-Josef Strauss and the German Nuclear Question, 1956–1962,” Journal of Strategic Studies, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 25–51.Google Scholar

Albright, David. 1989. “Bomb potential for South America,” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Vol. 45, No. 4, pp. 19–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Albright, David. 1994. “South Africa and the Affordable Bomb,” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Vol. 50, No. 4, pp. 37–47.Google Scholar

Albright, David. 2002. “Iraq’s Programs to Make Highly Enriched Uranium and Plutonium for Nuclear Weapons Prior to the Gulf War.” Institute for Science and International Security. Available at: www.exportcontrols.org/iraqs_fm_history.html. Last accessed: January 26, 2015.Google Scholar

Albright, David. 2010. Peddling Peril: How the Secret Nuclear Trade Arms America’s Enemies. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar

Albright, David, and Gay, Corey. 1998. “Taiwan: Nuclear Nightmare Averted,” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Vol. 54, No. 1, pp. 54–60.Google Scholar

Albright, David, and Hibbs, Mark. 1993. “South Africa: The ANC [African National Congress] and the Atom Bomb,” Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, Vol. 49, No. 3, pp. 32–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Albright, David, and Kelley, Robert. 1995. “Has Iraq Come Clean at Last?” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Vol. 51, No. 6, pp. 53–64.Google Scholar

Alcañiz, Isabella. 2000. “Slipping into Something More Comfortable: Argentine-Brazilian Nuclear Integration and the Origins of the Mercosur,” in Questioning Geopolitics: Political Projects in a Changing World-System, pp. 155–168. Derluguian, Georgi M. and Greer, Scott, eds. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.Google Scholar

Alexander, Yonah, and Nanes, Allan, eds. 1980. The United States and Iran: A Documentary History. Frederick, MD: University Publications of America, Inc.Google Scholar

Al-Marashi, Ibrahim. 2010. “Saudi Petro-Nukes? Riyadh’s Nuclear Intentions and Regime Survival Strategies,” in Forecasting Nuclear Proliferation in the 21st Century. Volume 2: A Comparative Perspective, pp. 76–99. Potter, William C. with Mukhatzhanova, Gaukhar, eds. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar

Alteras, Isaac. 1993. Eisenhower and Israel: US-Israeli relations, 1953–1960. Gainesville: University of Florida Press.Google Scholar

Alterman, Jon B. 2006. “Libya and the US: The Unique Libyan Case,” Middle East Quarterly, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 21–29.Google Scholar

Alvandi, Roham. 2014. “The Shah’s Détente with Khrushchev: Iran’s 1962 Missile Base Pledge to the Soviet Union,” Cold War History, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 423–444.Google Scholar

Anderson, Nicholas D. 2016. “Anarchic Threats and Hegemonic Assurances: Japan’s Security Production in the Postwar Era,” International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, forthcoming.Google Scholar

Anderson, Nicholas D., Debs, Alexandre, and Monteiro, Nuno P.. 2015. “The Political Effects of Nuclear Proliferation,” Yale University mimeo.Google Scholar

Anderson, Robert S. 2010. Nucleus and Nation: Scientists, International Networks, and Power in India. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Andrade, Ana Maria Ribeiro de. 2006. A Opção Nuclear: 50 Anos Rumo à Autonomia. Rio de Janeiro: MAST.Google Scholar

Andromidas, Dean, and Baker, Marcia Merry. 2014. “Greece and a Marshall Plan for the Mediterranean,” in The New Silk Road Becomes the World Land-Bridge, pp. 9–13. Spannaus, Nancy, ed. Leesburg, VA: Executive Intelligence Review.Google Scholar

Argüello, Irma. 2011. “The Position of an Emerging Global Power: Brazilian Responses to the 2010 US Nuclear Posture Review,” The Nonproliferation Review, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 183–200.Google Scholar

Armstrong, David, and , Joseph Trento. 2007. America and the Islamic Bomb: The Deadly Compromise. Hanover, NH: Steerforth Press.Google Scholar

Aronson, Shlomo. 2000. “Israel’s Nuclear Programme, the Six Day War and Its Ramifications.” Israel Affairs, Vol. 6, Nos. 3/4, pp. 83–95.Google Scholar

Aronson, Shlomo. 2009. “David Ben-Gurion, Levi Eshkol and the Struggle over Dimona: A Prologue to the Six-Day War and Its (Un) Anticipated Results,” Israel Affairs, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 114–134.Google Scholar

Bahgat, Gawdat. 2006. “Nuclear Proliferation: The Case of Saudi Arabia,” Middle East Journal, Vol. 60, No. 3, pp. 421–443.Google Scholar

Bajpai, Kanti. 2003. “Strategic Threats and Nuclear Weapons: India, China and Pakistan,” in Prisoners of the Nuclear Dream, pp. 27–52. Ramana, M. V. and Reddy, C. Rammanohar, eds. Hyderabad, India: Orient Longman.Google Scholar

Bajpai, Kanti P., Chari, P. R., Cheema, Pervaiz Iqbal, Cohen, Stephen P., and Ganguly, Sumit. 1995. Brasstacks and Beyond: Perception and Management of Crisis in South Asia. New Delhi: Manohar.Google Scholar

Baker, Pauline H. 1989. The United States and South Africa: The Reagan Years. New York: Ford Foundation.Google Scholar

Barber, James, and Barratt, John. 1990. South Africa’s Foreign Policy: The Search for Status and Security 1945–1988. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Barbier, Colette. 1990. “Les négociations franco-germano-italiennes en vue de l’établissement d’une coopération militaire nucléaire au cours des années 1956–1958,” Revue d’Histoire Diplomatique, Vol. 104, No. 1–2, pp. 81–113.Google Scholar

Barbier, Colette. 2012. “La France et la force multilaterale (MLF),” in La France et l’OTAN, pp. 285–305. Vaisse, Maurice, Melandri, Pierre, and Bozo, Frederic, eds. Bruxelles: Andre Versailles.Google Scholar

Barletta, Michael. 1997. “The Military Nuclear Program in Brazil,” Center for International Security and Arms Control, Stanford University working paper.Google Scholar

Barnett, A. Doak. 1977. China and the Major Powers in East Asia. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press.Google Scholar

Barnhart, Michael A. 1987. Japan Prepares for Total War: The Search for Economic Security, 1919–1941. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

Bas, Muhammet A., and Coe, Andrew J.. 2012. “Arms Diffusion and War,” Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 56, No. 4, pp. 651–674.Google Scholar

Bas, Muhammet A., and Coe, Andrew J.. 2016a. “A Dynamic Theory of Nuclear Proliferation and Preventive War,” International Organization, forthcoming.Google Scholar

Bas, Muhammet and Coe, Andrew J.. 2016b. “Give Peace a (Second) Chance: The Viability of Deals to Avoid Proliferation and War,” Harvard University mimeo.Google Scholar

Bass, Gary J. 2013. The Blood Telegram: Nixon, Kissinger, and a Forgotten Genocide. New York: Vintage Books.Google Scholar

Bass, Warren. 2003. Support Any Friend: Kennedy’s Middle East and the Making of the U.S. – Israel Alliance. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Bates, Robert H., Greif, Avner, Levi, Margaret, and Rosenthal, Jean-Laurent. 1998. Analytic Narratives. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Beckley, Michael. 2015. “The Myth of Entangling Alliances: Reassessing the Security Risks of U.S. Defense Pacts,” International Security, Vol. 39, No. 4, pp. 7–48.Google Scholar

Bell, Mark S. 2015. “Beyond Emboldenment: How Acquiring Nuclear Weapons Can Change Foreign Policy,” International Security, Vol. 40, No. 1, pp. 87–119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bell, Mark S., and Miller, Nicholas L.. 2015. “Questioning the Effect of Nuclear Weapons on Conflict,” Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 59, No. 1, pp. 74–92.Google Scholar

Bendjebbar, André. 2000. Histoire secrète de la bombe atomique française. Paris: Le Cherche Midi.Google Scholar

Bennett, D. Scott. 1998. “Integrating and Testing Models of Rivalry Duration,” American Journal of Political Science, Vol. 42, No. 4, pp. 1200–1232.Google Scholar

Ben-Zvi, Abraham. 1998. Decade of transition: Eisenhower, Kennedy, and the Origins of the American-Israeli alliance. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar

Betts, Richard K. 1987. Nuclear Blackmail and Nuclear Balance. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press.Google Scholar

Betts, Richard K. 1993. “Paranoids, Pygmies, Pariahs, and Nonproliferation Revisited,” Security Studies, Vol. 2, Nos. 3/4, pp. 157–183.Google Scholar

Betts, Richard K. 2006. “The Osirak Fallacy.” National Interest, Vol. 83, pp. 22–25.Google Scholar

Bhutto, Zulfikar Ali. 1969. The Myth of Independence. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Biddle, Stephen, Embrey, James, Filiberti, Edward, Kidder, Stephen, Metz, Steven, Oerlich, Ivan C., and Shelton, Richard. 2004. Toppling Saddam: Iraq and American Military Transformation. Carlisle Barracks, PA: U.S. Army War College, Strategic Studies Institute.Google Scholar

Bissell, Richard E. 1982. South Africa and the United States: The Erosion of an Influence Relationship. New York: Praeger.Google Scholar

Bleek, Philipp C. 2010a. “Does Proliferation Beget Proliferation? Why Nuclear Dominoes Rarely Fall.” PhD dissertation, Georgetown University.Google Scholar

Bleek, Philipp C. 2010b. “Why Do States Proliferate? Quantitative Analysis of the Exploration, Pursuit, and Acquisition of Nuclear Weapons,” in Forecasting Nuclear Proliferation in the 21st Century: The Role of Theory, Vol. 1, pp. 159–192. Potter, William C. with Mukhatzhanova, Gaukhar, eds. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar

Bleek, Philipp C., and Lorber, Eric B.. 2013. “Security Guarantees and Allied Nuclear Proliferation,” Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 58, No. 3, pp. 429–454.Google Scholar

Blix, Hans. 2004. Disarming Iraq. New York: Pantheon.Google Scholar

Borstelmann, Thomas. 1993. Apartheid’s Reluctant Uncle: The United States and Southern Africa in the Early Cold War. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Botha, R. F. Pik. 2008. “Interview with Dr. Sue Onslow,” LSE Ideas. Pretoria, South Africa.Google Scholar

Boutwell, Jeffrey. 1990. The German Nuclear Dilemma. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

Bowen, Wyn Q. 2006. Libya and Nuclear Proliferation: Stepping Back from the Brink. London: Routledge for the International Institute for Strategic Studies.Google Scholar

Bozo, Frédéric. 2001. Two Strategies for Europe: De Gaulle, the United States and the Atlantic Alliance. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.Google Scholar

Bozo, Frédéric. 2012. “Chronique d’une decision annoncee: le retrait de l’organisation militaire (1965–1967),” in La France et l’OTAN, pp. 331–357. Vaïsse, Maurice, Melandri, Pierre, and Frédéric Bozo, eds. Bruxelles: André Versailles.Google Scholar

Bozo, Frédéric. 2013. Histoire Secrète de la Crise Irakienne: La France, les États-Unis et l’Irak. 1991–2003. Paris: Éditions Perrin.Google Scholar

Bracken, Paul. 2012. The Second Nuclear Age: Strategy, Danger, and the New Power Politics. New York: Times Books.Google Scholar

Brady, Henry E. 2008. “Causation and Explanation in Social Science,” in The Oxford Handbook of Political Methodology, pp. 217–270. Box-Steffensmeier, Janet M., Brady, Henry E., and Collier, David, eds. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Brady, Henry E., and Collier, David, eds. 2004. Rethinking Social Inquiry: Diverse Tools Shared Standards. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.Google Scholar

Brands, Hal. 2006. “Rethinking Nonproliferation: LBJ, the Gilpatric Committee, and U.S. National Security Policy,” Journal of Cold War Studies, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 83–113.Google Scholar

Brands, Hal. 2007. “Non-Proliferation and the Dynamics of the Middle Cold War: The Superpowers, the MLF, and the NPT,” Cold War History, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 389–423.Google Scholar

Brands, Hal. 2011. “Saddam and Israel: What Do the New Iraqi Records Reveal?” Diplomacy & Statecraft, Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 500–520.Google Scholar

Brands, Hal, and Palkki, David. 2011a. “Saddam, Israel, and the Bomb. Nuclear Alarmism Justified?” International Security, Vol. 36, No. 1, pp. 133–166.Google Scholar

Brands, Hal and Palkki, David. 2011b. “Why Did Saddam Want the Bomb?” Foreign Policy Research Institute. Available at: www.fpri.org/enotes/2011/201108.brands_palkki.iraqnuclear.html. Last accessed: March 9, 2014.Google Scholar

Brands, Hal and Palkki, David. 2012. “‘Conspiring Bastards’: Saddam Hussein’s Strategic View of the United States,” Diplomatic History, Vol. 36, No. 3, pp. 625–660.Google Scholar

Braun, Chain, and Chyba, Christopher F.. 2004. “Proliferation Rings: New Challenges to the Nuclear Nonproliferation Regime,” International Security, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 5–49.Google Scholar

Braut-Hegghammer, Målfrid. 2006. “Libya’s Nuclear Turnaround: What Lies Beneath?” The RUSI Journal, Vol. 151, No. 6, pp. 52–55.Google Scholar

Braut-Hegghammer, Malfrid. 2011. “Revisiting Osirak: Preventive Attacks and Nuclear Proliferation Risks,” International Security, Vol. 36, No. 1, pp. 101–132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Brazinsky, Gregg Andrew. 2011. “Between Ideology and Strategy: China’s Security Policy toward the Korean Peninsula since Rapprochement,” in Trilateralism and Beyond: Great Power Politics and the Korean Security Dilemma during and after the Cold War, pp. 163–88, Wampler, Robert A., ed. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press.Google Scholar

Brecher, Michael, and Wilkenfeld, Jonathan. 2000. A Study of Crisis. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar

Bruzelius, Nils. 2008. “‘Unilaterally if Necessary’ – One Motive Behind the American Security Guarantee to Sweden,” Särtryck ur Tidskrift i Sjöväsendet, Vol. 1, pp. 50–67.Google Scholar

Buckley, Roger. 1992. US-Japan Alliance Diplomacy, 1945–1990. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Buhite, Russell, and Hamel, Wm. Christopher. 1990. “War for Peace: The Question of an American Preventive War Against the Soviet Union, 1945–1955,” Diplomatic History, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 367–384.Google Scholar

Bullard, Monte, and Yuan, Jing-dong. 2010. “Taiwan and Nuclear Weaponization: Incentives versus Disincentives,” in Forecasting Nuclear Proliferation in the 21st Century. Volume II: A Comparative Perspective, pp. 182–202. Potter, William C. with Mukhatzhanova, Gaukhar, eds. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar

Bundy, McGeorge. 1988. Danger and Survival: Choices about the Bomb in the First Fifty Years. New York: Random HouseGoogle Scholar

Bunn, George. 1992. Arms Control by Committee: Managing Negotiations with the Russians. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar

Burgess, Stephen F. 2006. “South Africa’s Nuclear Weapons Policies,” The Nonproliferation Review, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 519–526.Google Scholar

Burgess, Stephen F., and Purkitt, Helen E.. 2005. South Africa’s Weapons of Mass Destruction. Bloomington: University of Indiana Press.Google Scholar

Burgess, Stephen F., Purkitt, Helen E. and Liberman, Peter. 2002. “Correspondence: South Africa’s Nuclear Decisions,” International Security, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 186–194.Google Scholar

Burr, William. 2009. “A Brief History of U.S.-Iranian Nuclear Negotiations,” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Vol. 65, No. 1, pp. 21–34.Google Scholar

Burr, William, and Richelson, Jeffrey T.. 2000–2001. “Whether to ‘Strangle the Baby in the Cradle’: The United States and the Chinese Nuclear Program, 1960–64,” International Security, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 54–99.Google Scholar

Bush, Richard C. 2004. At Cross Purposes: U.S.-Taiwan Relations since 1942. London: M. E. Sharpe.Google Scholar

Buszynski, Leszek. 2013. Negotiating with North Korea: The Six Party Talks and the Nuclear Issue. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar

Byman, Daniel, and Lind, Jennifer. 2010. “Pyongyang’s Survival Strategy: Tools of Authoritarian Control in North Korea,” International Security, Vol. 35, No. 1, pp. 44–74.Google Scholar

Calingaert, Daniel. 1988. “Nuclear Weapons and the Korean War,” Journal of Strategic Studies, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 177–202.Google Scholar

Camargo, Guilherme. 2006. O fogo os deuses: Uma historia da Energia Nuclear – Pandora 600 A.C.-1970. Rio de Janeiro: Contraponto.Google Scholar

Campbell, Kurt M., Einhorn, Robert J., and Reiss, Mitchell B., eds. 2004. The Nuclear Tipping Point: Why States Reconsider Their Nuclear Choices. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.Google Scholar

Campbell, Kurt M., and Sunohara, Tsuyoshi. 2004. “Japan: Thinking the Unthinkable,” in The Nuclear Tipping Point: Why States Reconsider Their Nuclear Choices, pp. 218–53. Campbell, Kurt M., Einhorn, Robert J., and Reiss, Mitchell, eds. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.Google Scholar

Canberra Commission on the Elimination of Nuclear Weapons. 1996. Report of the Canberra Commission on the Elimination of Nuclear Weapons. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia.Google Scholar

Cantalapiedra, David García. 2009. “Spain, Burden-Sharing, and NATO Deterrence Policy,” Strategic Insights, Vol. 8, No. 4.Google Scholar

Carasales, Julio C. 1995. “The Argentine-Brazilian Nuclear Rapprochement,” The Nonproliferation Review, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 39–48.Google Scholar

Carasales, Julio C. 1999. “The So-Called Proliferator That Wasn’t’: The Story of Argentina’s Nuclear Policy,” The Nonproliferation Review, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 51–64.Google Scholar

Cha, Victor D. 2001. “The Second Nuclear Age: Proliferation Pessimism versus Sober Optimism in South Asia and East Asia,” Journal of Strategic Studies, Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 79–120.Google Scholar

Cha, Victor D. 2002. “Hawk Engagement and Preventive Defense on the Korean Peninsula,” International Security, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 40–78Google Scholar

Cha, Victor D. 2009–2010. “Powerplay: The Origins of the U.S. Alliance System in Asia,” International Security, Vol. 34, No. 3, pp. 158–196.Google Scholar

Cha, Victor D. 2012. The Impossible State: North Korea, Past and Future. New York: Ecco.Google Scholar

Cha, Victor D., and Kang, David C.. 2003. Nuclear North Korea: A Debate on Engagement Strategies. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar

Chafetz, Glenn, Abramson, Hillel, and Grillot, Suzette. 1996. “Role Rheory and Foreign Policy: Belarussian and Ukranian Compliance with the Nuclear Nonproliferation Regime,” Political Psychology, Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 727–757.Google Scholar

Chakma, Bhumitra. 2004. Strategic Dynamics and Nuclear Weapons Proliferation in South Asia: A Historical Analysis. Bern: Peter Lang.Google Scholar

Chang, Gordon H. 1990. Friends and Enemies: The United States, China, and the Soviet Union, 1948–1972. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar

Cheema, Pervaiz Iqbal. 1987. “American Policy in South Asia: Interests and Objectives,” in The Security of South Asia: American and Asian Perspectives, pp. 119–133. Cohen, Stephen P., ed. Chicago: University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar

Chellaney, Brahma. 1994. “India,” in Nuclear Proliferation after the Cold War, pp. 165–90. Reiss, Mitchell and Litwak, Robert S., eds. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger.Google Scholar

Jian, Chen. 2001. Mao’s China and the Cold War. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar

Jian, Chen. 2004. “In the Name of the Revolution: China’s Road to the Korean War Revisited,” in The Korean War in World History, pp. 93–125. Stueck, William, ed. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky.Google Scholar

Jian, Chen, and Kuisong, Yang. 1998. “Chinese Politics and the Collapse of the Sino-Soviet Alliance,” in Brothers in Arms: The Rise and Fall of the Sino-Soviet Alliance 1949–1963, pp. 246–294. Westad, Odd Arne, ed. Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center Press.Google Scholar

Chengappa, Raj. 2000. Weapons of Peace: The Secret Story to India’s Quest to Be a Nuclear Power. New Delhi: HarperCollins.Google Scholar

Chestnut, Sheena. 2007. “Illicit Activity and Proliferation: North Korean Smuggling Networks,” International Security, Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 80–111.Google Scholar

Chinoy, Mike. 2008. Meltdown: The Inside Story of the North Korean Nuclear Crisis. New York: St. Martin’s Press.Google Scholar

Chislett, William. 2005. “Spain and the United States: The Quest for Mutual Rediscovery.” Madrid: Real Instituto Elcano de Estudios Internacionales y Estratégicos.Google Scholar

Choi, Kang, and Park, Joon-Sung. 2009. “South Korea: Fears of Abandonment and Entrapment,” in The Long Shadow: Nuclear Weapons and Security in 21st Century Asia, pp. 373–403. Alagappa, Muthiah, ed. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar

Choi, Lyong. 2014. “The First Nuclear Crisis in the Korea Peninsula, 1975–76,” Cold War History, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 71–90.Google Scholar

Christensen, Thomas J. 1996. Useful Adversaries: Grand Strategy, Domestic Mobilization, and Sino-American Conflict, 1947–1958. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Chubin, Shahram, and Zabih, Sepehr. 1974. The Foreign Relations of Iran: A Developing State in a Zone of Great-Power Conflict. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar

Claire, Rodger W. 2004. Raid On the Sun: Inside Israel’s Secret Campaign That Denied Saddam the Bomb. New York: Broadway Books.Google Scholar

Clinton, Hillary. 2011. “America’s Pacific Century: The Future of Geopolitics Will Be Decided in Asia, Not in Afghanistan or Iraq, and the United States Should Be Right at the Center of the Action,” Foreign Policy, No. 189, pp. 56–63.Google Scholar

Coe, Andrew J. 2012. “Costly Peace: A New Rationalist Explanation for War,” Harvard University Mimeo.Google Scholar

Coe, Andrew J., and Vaynman, Jane. 2015. “Superpower Collusion and the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty,” Journal of Politics, Vol. 77, No. 4, pp. 983–997.Google Scholar

Cohen, Avner. 1996. “Cairo, Dimona, and the June 1967 War,” Middle East Journal, Vol. 50, No. 2, pp. 90–210.Google Scholar

Cohen, Avner. 1998. Israel and the Bomb. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar

Cohen, Avner. 2005. “The Last Taboo: Israel’s Bomb Revisited,” Current History, Vol. 104, No. 681, pp. 169–175.Google Scholar

Cohen, Avner. 2007. “Crossing the Threshold: The Untold Nuclear Dimension of the 1967 Arab-Israeli War and Its Contemporary Lessons,” Arms Control Today, Vol. 37, No. 5, pp. 12–16.Google Scholar

Cohen, Avner. 2008. “Israel: A Sui Generis Proliferator,” in The Long Shadow: Nuclear Weapons and Security in 21st Century Asia, pp. 241–268. Alagappa, Muthiah, ed. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar

Cohen, Avner, and Miller, Marvin. 2010. “Bringing Israel’s Bomb Out of the Basement: Has Nuclear Ambiguity Outlived Its Shelf Life?” Foreign Affairs, Vol. 89. No. 5, pp. 30–44.Google Scholar

Cohen, Michael J. 2005. Strategy and Politics in the Middle East 1954–1960: Defending the Northern Tier. London: Frank Cass.Google Scholar

Cohen, Stephen P. 2013. Shooting for a Century: The India-Pakistan Conundrum. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.Google Scholar

Cohrs, Patrick. 2008. The Unfinished Peace after World War I: America, Britain and the Stabilisation of Europe, 1919–1932. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Cole, Paul M. 1997. “Atomic Bombast: Nuclear Weapon Decision-Making in Sweden, 1946–72,” The Washington Quarterly, Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 233–251.Google Scholar

Conley, Jerome M. 2001. Indo-Russian Military and Nuclear Cooperation: Lessons and Options for U.S. Policy in South Asia. Oxford: Lexington Books.Google Scholar

Cooper, John Franklin. 1979. “Taiwan’s Options,” Asian Affairs, Vol. 6, No. 5, pp. 282–294.Google Scholar

Copeland, Dale. C. 2000. The Origins of Major War. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

Cordesman, Anthony H. 2015. “Military Spending and Arms Sales in the Gulf: How the Arab Gulf States Now Dominate the Changes in the Military Balance,” Center for Strategic and International Studies. Available at: http://csis.org/files/publication/150428_gulfarmssales.pdf. Last accessed: December 29, 2015.Google Scholar

Corera, Gordon. 2006. Shopping for Bombs: Nuclear Proliferation, Global Insecurity, and the Rise and Fall of the A. Q. Khan Network. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Costigliola, Frank. 1994. “Lyndon B. Johnson, Germany, and ‘the End of the Cold War,’” in Lyndon Johnson Confronts the World: American Foreign Policy, 1963–1968, pp. 173–210. Cohen, Warren I. and Tucker, Nancy Bernkopf, eds. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Couloumbis, Theodore A. 1983. The United States, Greece, and Turkey: The Troubled Triangle. New York: Praeger.Google Scholar

Coutto, Tatiana. 2014. “An International History of the Brazilian-Argentina Rapprochement,” International History Review, Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 302–323.Google Scholar

Craig, Campbell, and Radchenko, Sergey. 2008. The Atomic Bomb and the Origins of the Cold War. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar

Craig, Campbell, and Ruzicka, Jan. 2013. “The Nonproliferation Complex,” Ethics and International Affairs, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 329–348.Google Scholar

Crawford, Timothy W. 2012. Pivotal Deterrence: Third-Party Statecraft and the Pursuit of Peace. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

Crescenzi, Mark J. C. 2003. “Economic Exit, Interdependence, and Conflict,” Journal of Politics, Vol. 65, No. 3, pp. 809–832.Google Scholar

Crosbie, Sylvia. 1974. A Tacit Alliance. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Cumings, Bruce. 1997. Korea’s Place in the Sun: A Modern History. New York: W. W. Norton and Company.Google Scholar

Cumings, Bruce. 2001. “U.S.-North Korean Bilateral Relations and South Korean Security,” in Korean Security Dynamics in Transition, pp. 105–116. Park, Kyung-Ae and Kim, Dalchoong, eds. New York: Palgrave.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dalsjö, Robert. 2014. “The Hidden Rationality of Sweden’s Policy of Neutrality during the Cold War,” Cold War History, Vol, 14, pp. 175–194.Google Scholar

Daniel, John. 2009. “Racism, The Cold War, and South Africa’s Regional Security Strategies 1948–1990,” in Cold War in Southern Africa: White Power, Black Liberation, pp. 35–54. Onslow, Sue, ed. London: Routledge.Google Scholar

Debs, Alexandre, and Monteiro, Nuno P.. 2012. “The Flawed Logic of Striking Iran,” January 17, 2012. Foreign Affairs online. Available at: www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/middle-east/2012-01-17/flawed-logic-striking-iran. Last accessed: May 2, 2016.Google Scholar

Debs, Alexandre and Monteiro, Nuno P.. 2014. “Known Unknowns: Power Shifts, Uncertainty, and War,” International Organization, Vol. 68, No. 1, pp. 1–31.Google Scholar

Debs, Alexandre, Monteiro, Nuno P., and Lake, David A.. 2013. “What Caused the Iraq War? A Debate.” Duck of Minerva online. July 30 – August 6. Available at: http://duckofminerva.com/tag/iraq-war. Last accessed: May 2, 2016.Google Scholar

Deeb, Mary-Jane. 1989. “Inter-Maghribi Relations since 1969: A Study of the Modalities of Unions and Mergers,” Middle East Journal, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 20–33.Google Scholar

Department of Defense, Defense Science Board. 2014. Task Force Report: Assessment of Nuclear Monitoring and Verification Technologies. Washington, DC.Google Scholar

Deutch, John M. 1991. “The New Nuclear Threat,” Foreign Affairs, Vol. 71, No. 4, pp. 120–134.Google Scholar

De Villiers, J. W., Jardine, Roger, and Reiss, Mitchell. 1993. “Why South Africa Gave Up the Bomb,” Foreign Affairs, Vol. 72, No. 5, pp. 98–109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Diamond, Alexis, and Sekhon, Jasjeet S.. 2013. “Genetic Matching for Estimating Causal Effects: A General Multivariate Matching Method for Achieving Balance in Observational Studies,” Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 95, No. 3, pp. 932–945.Google Scholar

Dokos, Thanos, and Tsakonas, Panayotis. 1998. “Greece,” in Europe and Nuclear Disarmament: Debates and Political Attitudes in 16 European Countries, pp. 147–160. Müller, Harald, ed. Brussels: Presses Interuniversitaires Européennes.Google Scholar

Donaghy, Greg. 2007. “Nehru’s Reactor: The Origins of Indo-Canadian Nuclear Cooperation, 1955–1959,” in Canada’s Global Engagements and Relations with India, pp. 267–278. Raj, Christopher Sam and Nafey, Abdul, eds. New Dehli: Manak.Google Scholar

Doner, Richard F., Ritchie, Bryan K., and Slater, Dan. 2005. “Systemic Vulnerability and the Origins of Developmental States: Northeast and Southeast Asia in Comparative Perspective,” International Organization, Vol. 59, No. 2, pp. 327–361.Google Scholar

Dower, John W. 1979. Empire and Aftermath: Yoshida Shigeru and the Japanese Experience, 1878–1954. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Drezner, Daniel. 1999. The Sanctions Paradox: Economic Statecraft and International Relations. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Duelfer, Charles. 2004. “Comprehensive Report of the Special Advisor to the DCI on Iraq’s WMD.” September 30. Available at: www.cia.gov/library/reports/general-reports-1/iraq_wmd_2004/. Last accessed: March 15, 2016.Google Scholar

Duelfer, Charles. 2009. Hide and Seek: The Search for Truth in Iraq. New York: Public Affairs.Google Scholar

Duncan, Peter J. S. 1989. The Soviet Union and India. New York: Council on Foreign Relations Press.Google Scholar

Dunn, Lewis A. 1982. Controlling the Bomb: Nuclear Proliferation in the 1980s. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar

Du Preez, Jean, and Matteig, Thomas. 2010. “From Pariah to Nuclear Poster Boy: How Plausible Is a Reversal?” in Forecasting Nuclear Proliferation in the 21st Century. Volume 2: A Comparative Perspective, pp. 302–334. Potter, William C. with Mukhatzhanova, Gaukhar, eds. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar

Duval, Marcel, and Mongin, Dominique. 1993. Histoire des Forces Nucléaires Françaises depuis 1945. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.Google Scholar

Easley, Leif-Eric. 2007. “Defense Ownership or Nationalist Security: Autonomy and Reputation in South Korea and Japanese Security Policies,” SAIS Review, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 153–166.Google Scholar

Einhorn, Robert J. 2004. “Egypt: Frustrated but Still on a Non-Nuclear Course,” in The Nuclear Tipping Point. Why States Reconsider Their Nuclear Choices, pp. 43–82. Campbell, Kurt M., Einhorn, Robert J., and Reiss, Mitchell B., eds. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.Google Scholar

Engelhardt, Michael J. 1996. “Rewarding Non-Proliferation: The South and North Korean Cases,” Nonproliferation Review, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 31–37.Google Scholar

Epstein, William. 1977. “Why States Go – And Don’t Go – Nuclear,” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 430, No. 1, pp. 16–28.Google Scholar

Ergun, Doruk. 2015. “The Origins of Turkey’s Nuclear Policy,” in Turkey’s Nuclear Future, pp. 63–85. Perkovich, George and Ülgen, Sinan, eds. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.Google Scholar

Erlander, Tage. 1976. Tage Erlander 1955–1960. Stockholm: Tiden.Google Scholar

Evangelista, Matthew A. 1982–1983. “Stalin’s Postwar Army Reappraised,” International Security, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 110–138.Google Scholar

Evron, Yair. 1994. Israel’s Nuclear Dilemma. London: Routledge.Google Scholar

Fajardo, José Marcos Castellani. 2004. “Acordo Tripartite Itaipu-Corpus: ponto de inflexão entre a disputa geopolítica e a política de cooperação.” Masters Thesis. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul.Google Scholar

Fearon, James D. 1991. “Counterfactuals and Hypothesis Testing in Political Science,” World Politics, Vol. 43, No. 2, pp. 169–195.Google Scholar

Fearon, James D. 1995. “Rationalist Explanations for War,” International Organization, Vol. 49, No. 3, pp. 379–414.Google Scholar

Fearon, James D. 2013. “The Nuclear Revolution, International Politics, and U.S. Foreign Policy.” Stanford University Mimeo.Google Scholar

Ferguson, Niall. 2015. Kissinger, Volume I: 1923–1968, the Idealist. New York: Penguin Press.Google Scholar

Fig, David. 1999. “Sanctions and the Nuclear Industry,” in How Sanctions Work: Lessons from South Africa, pp. 3–25. Crawford, Neta C. and Klotz, Audie, eds. New York: St. Martin’s Press.Google Scholar

Fischer, Hannah. 2007. “North Korean Provocative Actions, 1950–2007,” CRS Report for Congress, RL30004-1.Google Scholar

Fitzpatrick, Mark. 2010. “The Fragile Promise of the Fuel-Swap Plan,” Survival, Vol. 52, No. 3, pp. 67–94.Google Scholar

Fitzpatrick, Mark, and Huxley, Tim. 2009. Preventing Nuclear Dangers in Southeast Asia and Australasia. London: International Institute for Strategic Studies.Google Scholar

Foot, Rosemary J. 1988–1989. “Nuclear Coercion and the Ending of the Korean Conflict,” International Security, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 92–112.Google Scholar

Foot, Rosemary. 1995. The Practice of Power, U.S. Relations with China since 1949. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Frankel, Benjamin. 1993. “The Brooding Shadow: Systemic Incentives and Nuclear Weapons Proliferation,” Security Studies, Vol. 2, Nos. 3–4, pp. 37–78.Google Scholar

Freedman, Lawrence. 2004. “War in Iraq: Selling the Threat,” Survival, Vol. 46, No. 2, pp. 7–49.Google Scholar

Fudenberg, Drew, and Tirole, Jean. 1991. Game Theory. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar

Fuerth, Leon. 2004. “Turkey: Nuclear Choices among Dangerous Neighbors,” in The Nuclear Tipping Point: Why States Reconsider Their Nuclear Choices, pp. 145–174. Campbell, Kurt M., Einhorn, Robert J., and Reiss, Mitchell B., eds. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.Google Scholar

Fuhrmann, Matthew. 2009a. “Spreading Temptation: Proliferation and Peaceful Nuclear Cooperation Agreements,” International Security, Vol. 34, No. 1, pp. 7–41.Google Scholar

Fuhrmann, Matthew. 2009b. “Taking a Walk on the Supply Side: The Determinants of Civilian Nuclear Cooperation,” Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 53, No. 2, pp. 181–208.Google Scholar

Fuhrmann, Matthew. 2012. Atomic Assistance: How “Atoms for Peace” Programs Cause Nuclear Insecurity. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

Fuhrmann, Matthew, and Kreps, Sarah E.. 2010. “Targeting Nuclear Programs in War and Peace: A Quantitative Empirical Analysis, 1941–2000,” Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 54, No. 6, pp. 831–859.Google Scholar

Fuhrmann, Matthew, and Sechser, Todd S.. 2014. “Nuclear Strategy, Nonproliferation, and the Causes of Foreign Nuclear Deployments,” Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 58, No. 3, pp. 455–480.Google Scholar

Furtig, Henner. 2007. “Conflict and Cooperation in the Persian Gulf: The Interregional Order and US Policy,” Middle East Journal, Vol. 61, No. 4, pp. 627–640.Google Scholar

Gaddis, John Lewis. 1987. The Long Peace: Inquiries into the History of the Cold War. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Gall, Norman, 1976. “Atoms for Brazil, Dangers for All,” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Vol. 32, No. 6, pp. 4–9, 42–48.Google Scholar

Gallicio, Marc. 2001. “Occupation, Dominion, and Alliance: Japan in American Security Policy, 1945–69,” in Partnership: The United States and Japan, pp. 115–134. Iriye, Akira and Wampler, Robert A., eds. Tokyo: Kodansha International.Google Scholar

Gallois, Pierre. 1976. “French Defense Planning – The Future in the Past,” International Security, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 15–31.Google Scholar

Gamba-Stonehouse, Virginia. 1991. “Argentina and Brazil,” in Security with Nuclear Weapons? Different Perspectives on National Security, pp. 229–256. Karp, Regina Cowen, ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Ganguly, Sumit. 1999. “India’s Pathway to Pokhran II: The Prospects and Sources of New Delhi’s Nuclear Weapons Program,” International Security, Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 148–177.Google Scholar

Ganguly, Sumit. 2008. “War, Nuclear Weapons, and Crisis Stability in South Asia,” Security Studies, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 164–184.Google Scholar

Ganguly, Sumit, and Hagerty, Devin. 2005. Fearful Symmetry: India-Pakistan Crises in the Shadow of Nuclear Weapons. Seattle: University of Washington Press.Google Scholar

Ganguly, Sumit, and Kapur, S. Paul. 2010. India, Pakistan, and the Bomb: Debating Nuclear Stability in South Asia. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar

Garris, Jerome H. 1973. “Sweden’s Debate on Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons,” Cooperation and Conflict, Vol. 8, No. 3–4, pp. 189–207.Google Scholar

Garthoff, Raymond L. 1995. “When and Why Romania Distanced Itself from the Warsaw Pact,” Cold War International History Project Bulletin, Issue 5, p. 111.Google Scholar

Gartzke, Erik, and Jo, Dong-Joon. 2009. “Bargaining, Nuclear Proliferation, and Interstate Disputes,” Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 53, No. 2, pp. 209–233.Google Scholar

Gartzke, Erik, and Kroenig, Matthew. 2009. “A Strategic Approach to Nuclear Proliferation,” Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 53, No. 2, pp. 151–160.Google Scholar

Garver, John W. 1993. Foreign Relations of the People’s Republic of China. Englewoods Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar

Gat, Moshe. 2005. “Nasser and the Six Day War, 5 June 1967: A Premeditated Strategy or an Inexorable Drift to War?” Israel Affairs, Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 608–635.Google Scholar

Gavin, Francis J. 1999. “Politics, Power, and U.S. Policy in Iran, 1950–1953,” Journal of Cold War Studies, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 56–89.Google Scholar

Gavin, Francis J. 2012. Nuclear Statecraft: History and Strategy in America’s Atomic Age. Ithaca, NH: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

Gavin, Francis J. 2015. “Strategies of Inhibition: U.S. Grand Strategy, the Nuclear Revolution, and Nonproliferation,” International Security, Vol. 40, No. 1, pp. 9–46.Google Scholar

Gavin, Francis J., and Rapp-Hooper, Mira. 2011. “The Copenhagen Temptation: Rethinking Prevention and Proliferation in the Age of Deterrence Dominance,” presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Seattle, September.Google Scholar

Gazit, Mordechai. 2000. “The Genesis of the US-Israeli Military-Strategic Relationship and the Dimona Issue,” Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 413–422.Google Scholar

Geddes, Barbara. 1990. “How the Cases You Choose Affect the Answers You Get: Selection Bias in Comparative Politics,” Political Analysis, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 131–150.Google Scholar

Geddes, Barbara. 2003. Paradigms and Sand Castles: Theory Building and Research Design in Comparative Politics. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar

George, Alexander L., and Bennett, Andrew. 2005. Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social Sciences. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar

George, Alexander L., and McKeown, Timothy. 1985. “Case Studies and Theories of Organizational Decision Making,” in Advances in Information Processing in Organizations, pp. 21–58. Coulam, Robert and Smith, Richard, eds. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.Google Scholar

Gerzhoy, Gene. 2015. “Alliance Coercion and Nuclear Restraint: How the United States Thwarted West Germany’s Nuclear Ambitions,” International Security, Vol. 39, No. 4, pp. 91–129.Google Scholar

Gheorghe, Eliza. 2013. “Atomic Maverick: Romania’s Negotiations for Nuclear Technology,” Cold War History, Vol. 13. No. 3, pp. 373–392.Google Scholar

Ginor, Isabella, and Remez, Gideon. 2007. Foxbats over Dimona: The Soviets’ Nuclear Gamble in the Six-Day War. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar

Glaser, Bonnie, Snyder, Scott, and Park, John S.. 2008. Keeping an Eye on an Unruly Neighbor: Chinese Views of Economic Reform and Stability in North Korea. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace.Google Scholar

Glaser, Charles L. 2010. Rational Theory of International Politics. Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Gleijeses, Piero. 2013. Visions of Freedom: Havana, Washington, Pretoria, and the Struggle for Southern Africa, 1976–1991. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar

Golan, Galia. 2006. “The Soviet Union and the Outbreak of the June 1967 Six-Day War,” Journal of Cold War Studies, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 3–19.Google Scholar

Golan, Galia. 2008. “A (Dubious) Conspiracy Theory of the 1967 War,” Diplomatic History, Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 669–673.Google Scholar

Goldemberg, Jose, and Feiveson, Harold A.. 1994. “Denuclearization in Argentina and Brazil.” Arms Control Today, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 10–14.Google Scholar

Goldenberg, Ilan, Rosenberg, Elizabeth, Golov, Avner, Heras, Nicholas A., Maruyama, Ellie, and Hellman, Axel. 2015. After the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action: A Game Plan for the United States. Washington, DC: Center for a New American Security.Google Scholar

Goldschmidt, Bertrand. 1990. Atomic Rivals. Translated by Georges M. Temmer. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.Google Scholar

Goldstein, Avery. 2000. Deterrence and Security in the 21st Century: China, Britain, France, and the Enduring Legacy of the Nuclear Revolution. Redwood City, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar

Goldstein, Lyle J. 2003. “When China Was a ‘Rogue State’: The Impact of China’s Nuclear Weapons Program on US–China Relations during the 1960s,” Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 12, No. 37, pp. 739–764.Google Scholar

Goldstein, Steven. 2001. “Dialogue of the Deaf? The Sino-American Ambassadorial-Level Talks, 1955–1970,” in Re-examining the Cold War: U.S.-China Diplomacy, 1954–1973, pp. 200–237. Ross, Robert S. and Changbin, Jiang, eds. Cambrige, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Goncharov, Sergei N., Lewis, John W., and Litai, Xue. 1993. Uncertain Partners: Stalin, Mao, and the Korean War. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar

Goodman, Michael S. 2007. Spying on the Nuclear Bear: Anglo-American Intelligence and the Soviet Bomb. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar

Goodson, Donald L. R. 2012. “Catalytic Deterrence? Apartheid South Africa’s Nuclear Weapons Strategy,” Politikon: South African Journal of Political Studies, Vol. 32, No. 2, pp. 209–230.Google Scholar

Gordin, Michael D. 2009. Red Cloud at Dawn: Truman, Stalin, and the End of the Atomic Monopoly. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux.Google Scholar

Gordon, Michael R., and Trainor, Bernard E.. 1995. The Generals’ War: The Inside Story of the Conflict in the Gulf. Boston: Little Brown.Google Scholar

Gordon, Philip. 1993. A Certain Idea of France: French Security Policy and the Gaullist Legacy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Gowing, Margaret, and Arnold, Lora. 1974. Independence and Deterrence: Britain and Atomic Energy, 1945–1952. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar

Granieri, Ronald J. 2004. The Ambivalent Alliance: Konrad Adenauer, the CDU/CSU, and the West, 1949–1966. New York: Berghahn Books.Google Scholar

Grant, Rebecca. 2002. “Osirak and Beyond,” Air Force Magazine, Vol. 85, pp. 74–78.Google Scholar

Gray, William Glenn. 2009. “Abstinence and Ostpolitik: Brandt’s Government and the Nuclear Question,” in Ostpolitik, 1969–1974: European and Global Responses, pp. 244–268. Fink, Carole and Schaefer, Bernd, eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Gray, William Glenn. 2012. “Commercial Liberties and Nuclear Anxieties: The US-German Feud over Brazil, 1975–7,” International History Review, Vol. 34, No. 3, pp. 449–474.Google Scholar

Green, Michael J. 1995. Arming Japan: Defense Production, Alliance Politics and the Postwar Search for Autonomy. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar

Green, Michael J., and Furukawa, Katsushisa. 2008. “Japan: New Nuclear Realism,” in The Long Shadow: Nuclear Weapons and Security in 21st Century Asia, pp. 347–372. Alagappa, Muthiah, ed. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar

Grillot, Suzette R., and Long, William J.. 2000. “Ideas, Beliefs, and Nuclear Policies: The Cases of South Africa and Ukraine,” Nonproliferation Review, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 24–40.Google Scholar

Gromyko, Andrei. 1989. Memories. Translated by Harold Shukman. London: Hutchinson.Google Scholar

Grosser, Alfred. 1963. “France and Germany in the Atlantic Community,” International Organization, Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 550–573.Google Scholar

Gunnarsson, Gösta, Carlgren, Wilhelm, Leifland, Leif, Möller, Yngve, Ruin, Olof, and Rystad, Göran. 1994. Had There Been a War: Preparations for the Reception of Military Assistance 1949–1969. Stockholm.Google Scholar

Güvenc, Serhat, and Özel, Soli. 2012. “NATO and Turkey in the Post-Cold War World: Between Abandonment and Entrapment,” Journal of Southeast European & Black Sea Studies, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 533–553.Google Scholar

Hagerty, Devin T. 1998. The Consequences of Nuclear Proliferation: Lessons from South Asia. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.Google Scholar

Haggard, Stephan, and Noland, Marcus. 2012. “Engaging North Korea: The Efficacy of Sanctions and Inducements.” in Sanctions, Statecraft, and Nuclear Proliferation, pp. 232–260. Solingen, Etel, ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Haggard, Stephan and Noland, Marcus. 2015. Hard Target. Unpublished Manuscript.Google Scholar

Hahn, Peter L. 2012. Missions Accomplished? The United States and Iraq since World War I. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Hamann, Hilton. 2001. Days of the Generals. Cape Town: Zebra Press.Google Scholar

Hamblin, Jacob Darwin. 2014. “The Nuclearization of Iran in the Seventies,” Diplomatic History, Vol. 38, No. 5, pp. 1114–1136.Google Scholar

Harmer, Tanya. 2012. “Brazil’s Cold War in the Southern Cone, 1970–1975,” Cold War History, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 659–681.Google Scholar

Harrer, Gudrun. 2014. Dismantling the Iraqi Nuclear Programme: The Inspections of the International Atomic Energy Agency in Iraq 1991–8. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar

Harris, Verne, Hatang, Sello, and Liberman, Peter. 2004. “Unveiling South Africa’s Nuclear Past,” Journal of Southern African Studies, Vol. 30, No. 3, pp. 457–475.Google Scholar

Harris, William R. 1965. “Chinese Nuclear Doctrine: The Decade prior to Weapons Development (1945–1955),” The China Quarterly, No. 21, pp. 87–95.Google Scholar

Harrison, Selig S. 1987. “U.S. Policy in South Asia,” in The Security of South Asia: American and Asian Perspectives, pp. 134–140. Cohen, Stephen P., ed. Chicago: University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar

Harsanyi, John C. 1973. “Games with Randomly Disturbed Payoffs: A New Rationale for Mixed-Strategy Equilibrium Points,” International Journal of Game Theory, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 1–23.Google Scholar

Harvey, Frank P. 2012. “President Al Gore and the 2003 Iraq War: A Counterfactual Test of Conventional ‘W’isdom,” Canadian Journal of Political Science, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 1–32.Google Scholar

Hayes, Peter. 1992. “The Republic of Korea and the Nuclear Issue,” Pacific Focus, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 23–57.Google Scholar

Herring, George C., and Immerman, Richard H.. 1984 “Eisenhower, Dulles, and Dienbienphu,” The Journal of American History, Vol. 71, No. 2, pp. 343–363.Google Scholar

Hersh, Seymour. 1991. The Samson Option: Israel’s Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy. New York: Random House.Google Scholar

Hershberg, James G. 2004a. “The United States, Brazil and the Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962 (Part 1),” Journal of Cold War Studies, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 3–20.Google Scholar

Hershberg, James G. 2004b. “The United States, Brazil and the Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962 (Part 2),” Journal of Cold War Studies, Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 5–67.Google Scholar

Hersman, Rebecca K. C., and Peters, Robert. 2006. “Nuclear U-Turns: Learning from South Korean and Taiwanese Rollback,” The Nonproliferation Review, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 539–553.Google Scholar

Heuser, Beatrice. 1998. Nuclear Mentalities? Strategies and Beliefs in Britain, France, and the FRG. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar

Hibbs, Mark. 2014. “Looking Back at Brazil’s Boreholes.” Arms Control Wonk blog, April 22.Google Scholar

Higgins, Holly. 2000a. “The Foundation Is Shaken,” in Solving the North Korean Nuclear Puzzle, pp. 167–81. Albright, David and O’Neill, Kevin, eds. Washington, DC: The Institute for Science and International Security Press.Google Scholar

Higgins, Holly. 2000b. “Chronology of Events Related to U.S.-North Korean Agreed Framework: June 1998–March 2000,” in Solving the North Korean Nuclear Puzzle, pp. 277–297. Albright, David and O’Neill, Kevin, eds. Washington, DC: The Institute for Science and International Security Press.Google Scholar

Hilali, A. Z. 2005. US-Pakistan Relationship: Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan. Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing Company.Google Scholar

Hilton, Stanley E. 1985. “The Argentine Factor in Twentieth-Century Brazilian Foreign Policy Strategy,” Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 100, No. 1, pp. 27–51.Google Scholar

Hiroshima, Sean. 2015. “Divided Intentions: Iraqi Nuclear Weapons Policy between the First and Second Gulf Wars.” CISAC Honors Thesis. May 22. Available at: https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/sc049qn8269. Last accessed: March 14, 2016.Google Scholar

Hoey, Fintan. 2012. “The Nixon Doctrine and Nakasone Yasuhiro’s Unsuccessful Challenge to Japan’s Defense Policy, 1969–1971,” The Journal of American-East Asian Relations, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 52–74.Google Scholar

Holloway, David. 1994. Stalin and the Bomb: The Soviet Union and Atomic Energy, 1939–1956. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar

Holloway, David. 2010. “Deciding Not to Go Nuclear: The Swedish and Swiss Cases.” Stanford University Mimeo.Google Scholar

Hong, Sung Gul. 2011. “The Search for Deterrence: Park’s Nuclear Option,” in The Park Chung Hee Era: The Transformation of South Korea, pp. 483–512. Kim, Byung-Kook and Vogel, Ezra F., eds. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Hughes, Christopher. 2004. Japan’s Re-Emergence as a “Normal” Military Power. Oxon, UK: Routledge.Google Scholar

Hughes, Christopher. 2007. “North Korea’s Nuclear Weapons: Implications for the Nuclear Ambitions of Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan,” Asia Policy, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 75–104.Google Scholar

Hughes, Christopher. 2009. Japan’s Remilitarisation. Oxon, UK: Routledge. (102–112)Google Scholar

Christopher, Hughes, and Krauss, Ellis S.. 2007. “Japan’s New Security Agenda,” Survival, Vol. 49, No. 2, pp. 157–176.Google Scholar

Hughes, Llewelyn. 2007. “Why Japan Will Not Go Nuclear (Yet),” International Security, Vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 67–96.Google Scholar

Hurrell, Andrew. 1986. “The Quest for Autonomy: The Evolution of Brazil’s Role in the International System, 1964–1985.” D. Phil dissertation, Oxford University.Google Scholar

Hussain, Zahid. 1998. “Deliberate Nuclear Ambiguity,” in Pakistan and the Bomb: Public Opinion and Nuclear Options, pp. 29–46. Ahmed, Samina and Cortright, David, eds. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.Google Scholar

Huth, Paul K. 1988. “Extended Deterrence and the Outbreak of War,” American Political Science Review, Vol. 82, No. 2, pp. 423–443.Google Scholar

Hymans, Jacques E. C. 2001. “Of Gauchos and Gringos: Why Argentina Never Wanted the Bomb, and Why the United States Thought It Did,” Security Studies, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 153–185.Google Scholar

Hymans, Jacques E. C. 2002. “Why Do States Acquire Nuclear Weapons? Comparing the Cases of India and France,” in Nuclear India in the Twenty-First Century, pp. 139–160. SarDesai, D. R. and Thomas, Raju G. C., eds. New York: Palgrave.Google Scholar

Hymans, Jacques E. C. 2006. The Psychology of Nuclear Proliferation: Identity, Emotions, and Foreign Policy Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Hymans, Jacques E. C. 2008. “Assessing North Korean Nuclear Intentions and Capacities: A New Approach,” Journal of East Asian Studies, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 259–292.Google Scholar

Hymans, Jacques E. C. 2011. “Veto Players, Nuclear Energy, and Nonproliferation: Domestic Institutional Barriers to a Japanese Bomb,” International Security, Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 154–89.Google Scholar

Hymans, Jacques E. C. 2012. Achieving Nuclear Ambitions: Scientists, Politicians, and Proliferation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Iatrides, John O. 1968. Balkan Triangle: Birth and Decline of an Alliance across Ideological Boundaries. The Hague: Mouton.Google Scholar

Iklé, Fred Charles. 1960. “Nth Countries and Disarmament,” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Vol. 16, No. 10, pp. 391–394.Google Scholar

International Institute for Strategic Studies. 2002. Iraq’s Weapons of Mass Destruction: A Net Assessment. London: International Institute for Strategic Studies.Google Scholar

International Institute for Strategic Studies. 2016. The Military Balance, Vol. 116, No. 1. London: International Institute for Strategic Studies.Google Scholar

International Monetary Fund. 2016. Data. Available at: www.imf.org/en/Data. Last accessed: May 3, 2016.Google Scholar

International Organization for Migration. 2016. Available at: www.iom.int/. Last accessed: May 3, 2016.Google Scholar

Iriye, Akira. 1987. The Origins of the Second World War in Asia and the Pacific. New York: Longman.Google Scholar

Jersild, Austin. 2013. Introduction to “Sharing the Bomb among Friends: The Dilemmas of Sino-Soviet Strategic Cooperation,” Cold War International History Project e-Dossier No. 43. Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, October 8. Available at: www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/sharing-the-bomb-among-friends-the-dilemmas-sino-soviet-strategic-cooperation. Last accessed: February 15, 2016.Google Scholar

Jervis, Robert. 1976. Perception and Misperception in International Politics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Jervis, Robert. 1989. The Meaning of the Nuclear Revolution: Statecraft and the Prospect of Armageddon. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

Jervis, Robert. 2010. Why Intelligence Fails: Lessons from the Iranian Revolution and the Iraq War. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

Jervis, Robert. 2013. “Getting to Yes with Iran: The Challenges of Coercive Diplomacy,” Foreign Affairs, Vol. 92, No. 1, pp. 105–115.Google Scholar

Jo, Dong-Joon, and Gartzke, Erik. 2007. “Determinants of Nuclear Weapons Proliferation,” Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 51, No. 1, pp. 167–194.Google Scholar

Jones, Matthew. 2008. “Targeting China: U.S. Nuclear Planning and ‘Massive Retaliation’ in East Asia, 1953–1955,” Journal of Cold War Studies, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 37–65.Google Scholar

Jonter, Thomas. 2001. “Sweden and the Bomb: The Swedish Plans to Acquire Nuclear Weapons, 1945–1972,” SKI Report 01:33.Google Scholar

Jonter, Thomas. 2002. “Nuclear Weapons Research in Sweden: The Co-operation between Civilian and Military Research, 1947–1972.” SKI Report 02:18.Google Scholar

Jonter, Thomas. 2010a. “The Swedish Plans to Acquire Nuclear Weapons, 1945–1968: An Analysis of the Technical Preparations,” Science and Global Security, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 61–66.Google Scholar

Jonter, Thomas. 2010b. “Why Sweden Did N build the Bomb, 1945–1968,” Unpublished manuscript.Google Scholar

Jonter, Thomas. 2012. “The United States and Swedish Plans to Build the Bomb, 1945–68,” in Security Assurances and Nuclear Nonproliferation, pp. 219–245. Knopf, Jeffrey, ed. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar

Kahl, Colin H. 2012. “Not Time to Attack Iran: Why War Should Be a Last Resort,” Foreign Affairs, Vol. 91, No. 2, pp. 166–173.Google Scholar

Kahl, Colin H., Dalton, Melissa G., and Irvine, Matthew. 2013. “Atomic Kingdom: If Iran Builds the Bomb, Will Saudi Arabia Be Next?” Center for a New American Security. Available at: www.cnas.org/files/documents/publications/CNAS_AtomicKingdom_Kahl.pdf. Last accessed: December 30, 2015.Google Scholar

Kahn, Herman. 1970. The Emerging Japanese Superstate: Challenges and Responses. Englewood-Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar

Kampani, Gaurav. 2014a. “New Delhi’s Long Nuclear Journey: How Secrecy and Institutional Roadblocks Delayed India’s Weaponization,” International Security, Vol. 38, No. 4, pp. 79–114.Google Scholar

Kampani, Gaurav. 2014b. “Teaching the Leviathan: Secrecy Ignorance and Nuclear Proliferation.” PhD dissertation, Cornell University.Google Scholar

Kampani, Gaurav, Sasikumar, Karthika, Stone, Jason, and Kennedy, Andrew B.. 2012. “Correspondence: Debating India’s Pathway to Nuclearization,” International Security, Vol. 37, No. 2, pp. 183–196.Google Scholar

Kane, Tim. 2006. “Global U.S. Troop Deployment, 1950–2005,” Heritage Foundation, May 24. Available at: www.heritage.org/research/reports/2006/05/global-us-troop-deployment-1950–2005. Last accessed: December 9, 2015.Google Scholar

Kang, David C. 2003. “International Relations Theory and the Second Korean War,” International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 47, No. 3, pp. 301–324.Google Scholar

Kang, Gordon. 2006. Nuclear Showdown: North Korea Takes on the World. New York: Random House.Google Scholar

Kaplan, Lawrence S., Artaud, Denise, and Rubin, Mark R., eds. 1990. Dien Bien Phu and the Crisis of Franco-American Relations, 1954–1955. Wilmington, DE: SR books.Google Scholar

Kapur, Ashok. 2001. Pokhran and Beyond: India’s Nuclear Behaviour. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Kapur, S. Paul. 2007. Dangerous Deterrent: Nuclear Weapons Proliferation and Conflict in South Asia. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar

Kapur, S. Paul, and Ganguly, Sumit, eds. 2008. Nuclear Proliferation in South Asia: Crisis Behavior and the Bomb. London: Routledge.Google Scholar

Karpin, Michael. 2006. The Bomb in the Basement: How Israel Went Nuclear and What That Means for the World. New York: Simon and Shuster.Google Scholar

Karsh, Efraim. 1987. The Iran-Iraq War: A Military Analysis. Adelphi Papers 220.Google Scholar

Karsh, Efraim. 1990. “Geopolitical Determinism: The Origins of the Iran-Iraq War,” Middle East Journal, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 256–288.Google Scholar

Karsh, Efraim. 2002. The Iran-Iraq War, 1980–1988. Oxford: Osprey Publishers.Google Scholar

Kasapoglu, Can. 2015. “Turkey’s National Security Strategy and NATO Nuclear Weapons,” in Turkey’s Nuclear Future, pp. 87–105. Perkovich, George and Ülgen, Sinan, eds. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.Google Scholar

Kase, Yuri. 2001. “The Costs and Benefits of Japan’s Nuclearization: An Insight into the 1968/70 Internal Report,” The Nonproliferation Review, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 55–68.Google Scholar

Kassenova, Togzhan. 2014. Brazil’s Nuclear Kaleidoscope: An Evolving Identity. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.Google Scholar

Kay, David. 2004. Iraq’s Weapons of Mass Destruction. Miller Center Report 20.Google Scholar

Kelleher, Catherine M. 1975. Germany and the Politics of Nuclear Weapons. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar

Kelly, George A. 1960. “The Political Background of the French A-Bomb,” Orbis, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 284–306.Google Scholar

Kemp, R. Scott. 2014. “The Nonproliferation Emperor Has No Clothes: The Gas Centrifuge, Supply-Side Controls, and the Future of Nuclear Proliferation,” International Security, Vol. 38, No. 4, pp. 39–78.Google Scholar

Kennedy, John F. 1963. “News Conference 61,” State Department Auditorium, Washington, DC, September 12, 1963, 4:00 P.M. Available at: http://www.jfklibrary.org/Research/Research-Aids/Ready-Reference/Press-Conferences/News-Conference-61.aspx. Last accessed: December 30, 2015.Google Scholar

Kennedy, Andrew B. 2011. “India’s Nuclear Odyssey: Implicit Umbrellas, Diplomatic Disappointments, and the Bomb,” International Security, Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 120–153.Google Scholar

Keohane, Robert O. 1984. After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Khan, Feroz Hassan. 2012. Eating Grass: The Making of the Pakistani Bomb. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar

Kharnad, Bharat. 2002. Nuclear Weapons and Indian Security: The Realist Foundations of Strategy. New Delhi: Macmillan.Google Scholar

Khomeini, Ruhollah. 1981. Islam and Revolution, Writings and Declarations of Iman Khomeini, Translated and Annotated by Hamid Algar. Berkeley, CA: Mizan Press.Google Scholar

Kibaroglu, Mustafa. 2004. “Iran’s Nuclear Program May Trigger Young Turks to Think Nuclear,” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, December 20.Google Scholar

Kibaroglu, Mustafa. 2005. “Isn’t It Time to Say Farewell to Nukes in Turkey?” European Security, Vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 443–457.Google Scholar

Kibaroglu, Mustafa. 2015. “Turkey and Nuclear Weapons: Can This Be Real?” in Turkey’s Nuclear Future, pp. 155–182. Perkovich, George and Ülgen, Sinan, eds. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.Google Scholar

Kim, Ilsu. 2009. “Kim Jong Il and Denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula,” in North Korea’s Foreign Policy under Kim Jong Il: New Perspectives, pp. 81–95. Kwak, Tae-Hwan and Joo, Seung-Ho, eds. Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing Company.Google Scholar

Kim, Seung-young. 2001. “Security, Nationalism and the Pursuit of Nuclear Weapons and Missiles: The South Korean Case, 1970–1982,” Diplomacy and Statecraft, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 53–80.Google Scholar

Kim, Seung-young. 2011. “Balancing Security Interest and the ‘Mission’ to Promote Democracy: American Diplomacy toward South Korea Since 1969,” in Trilateralism and Beyond: Great Power Politics and the Korean Security Dilemma during and after the Cold War, pp. 50–88. Wampler, Robert A., ed. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press.Google Scholar

Kim, Tongfi. 2011. “Why Alliances Entangle but Seldom Entrap States,” Security Studies, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 350–377.Google Scholar

King, Gary, Keohane, Robert O., and Verba, Sidney. 1994. Designing Social Inquiry. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Kirshner, Jonathan. 1997. Currency and Coercion: The Political Economy of International Monetary Power. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Kissinger, Henry A. 1979. White House Years. New York: Little, Brown and Company.Google Scholar

Klein, James P., Goertz, Gary, and Diehl, Paul F.. 2006. “The New Rivalry Dataset: Procedures and Patterns,” Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 43, No. 3, pp. 331–348.Google Scholar

Kogan, Eugene B. 2013a. “Coercing Allies: Why Friends Abandon Nuclear Plans.” PhD dissertation, Brandeis University.Google Scholar

Kogan, Eugene B. 2013b. “Proliferation among Friends: Taiwan’s Lessons from 1970s–80s.” Paper presented at the NSRI conference, Austin, TX, October 16–18.Google Scholar

Kohl, Wilfred L. 1971. French Nuclear Diplomacy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Kourkouvelas, Lykourgos. 2012. “Denuclearization on NATO’s Southern Front: Allied Reactions to Soviet Proposals, 1957–1963,” Journal of Cold War Studies, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 197–215.Google Scholar

Kourkouvelas, Lykourgos. 2013. “Détente as a Strategy: Greece and the Communist World, 1974–9,” International History Review, Vol. 35, No. 5, pp. 1052–1067.Google Scholar

Kramer, Mark. 1995–1996. “The USSR Foreign Ministry’s Appraisal of Sino-Soviet Relations on the Eve of the Split, September 1959,” in The Cold War in Asia, pp. 170–185. Hershberg, James G., ed., Cold War International History Project Bulletin No. 6/7. Available at: www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/bulletin-no-67-winter-1995. Last accessed: May 2, 2016.Google Scholar

Krebs, Ronald R. 1999. “Perverse Institutionalism: NATO and the Greco-Turkish Conflict,” International Organization, Vol. 53, No. 2, pp. 343–377.Google Scholar

Kreps, Sarah, and Fuhrmann, Matthew. 2011. “Attacking the Atom: Does Bombing Nuclear Facilities Affect Proliferation?” Journal of Strategic Studies, Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 161–187.Google Scholar

Krige, John. 2006. “Atoms for Peace, Scientific Internationalism and Scientific Intelligence,” Osiris, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 161–181.Google Scholar

Kristensen, Hans M. 2002. “Preemptive Posturing,” The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Vol. 58, No. 5, pp. 54–59.Google Scholar

Kristensen, Hans M. 2005. U.S. Nuclear Weapons in Europe: A Review of Post-Cold War Policy, Force Levels, and War Planning. Washington, DC: National Resources Defense Council.Google Scholar

Kroenig, Matthew. 2009a. “Exporting the Bomb: Why States Provide Sensitive Nuclear Assistance,” American Political Science Review, Vol. 103, No. 1, pp. 113–133.Google Scholar

Kroenig, Matthew. 2009b. “Importing the Bomb: Sensitive Nuclear Assistance and Proliferation,” Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 53, No. 2, pp. 161–180.Google Scholar

Kroenig, Matthew. 2010. Exporting the Bomb: Technology Transfer and the Spread of Nuclear Weapons. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

Kroenig, Matthew. 2012. “Time to Attack Iran: Why a Strike Is the Least Bad Option,” Foreign Affairs, Vol. 91, No. 1, pp. 76–86.Google Scholar

Kroenig, Matthew. 2013. “Nuclear Superiority and the Balance of Resolve: Explaining Nuclear Crisis Outcomes,” International Organization, Vol. 67, No. 1, pp. 141–171.Google Scholar

Kroenig, Matthew. 2014. “Force or Friendship? Explaining Great Power Nonproliferation Policy,” Security Studies, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 1–32.Google Scholar

Kumaraswamy, P. R. 2010. India’s Israel Policy. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar

Kumbaroglu, Gurkan. 2015. “Turkey and Nuclear Energy,” in Turkey’s Nuclear Future, pp. 9–37. Perkovich, George and Ulgen, Sinan, eds. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.Google Scholar

Küntzel, Mathias. 1995. Bonn and the Bomb: German Politics and the Nuclear Option. London: Pluto Press.Google Scholar

Kunz, Diane B. 1991. The Economic Diplomacy of the Suez Crisis. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar

Kusunoki, Ayako. 2008. “The Sato Cabinet and the Making of Japan’s Non-Nuclear Policy,” Journal of American-East Asian Relations, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 25–50.Google Scholar

Kutchesfahani, Sara Z. 2014. Politics and the Bomb: The Role of Experts in the Creation of Cooperative Nuclear Non-Proliferation Agreements. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar

Kux, Dennis. 2001. The United States and Pakistan, 1947–2000: Disenchanted Allies. Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center Press.Google Scholar

Kyle, Keith. 2011. Suez. Britain’s End of Empire in the Middle East. London: IB Tauris.Google Scholar

LaFeber, Walter. 1997. Clash: A History of U.S.-Japan Relations. New York: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar

Lake, David A. 2010–2011. “Two Cheers for Bargaining Theory Assessing Rationalist Explanations of the Iraq War,” International Security, Vol. 35, No. 3, pp. 7–52.Google Scholar

Lake, David A., and McKoy, Michael K.. 2011–2012. “Correspondence: Bargaining Theory and Rationalist Explanations for the Iraq War,” International Security, Vol. 36, No. 3, pp. 172–178.Google Scholar

Lake, David A., and Powell, Robert, eds. 1999. Strategic Choice and International Relations. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Lamazière, Georges, and Jaguaribe, Roberto. 1992. “Beyond Confidence-Building: Brazilian-Argentine Nuclear Cooperation,” Disarmament, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 102–117.Google Scholar

Lanoszka, Alexander. 2013. “Protection States Trust? Major Power Patronage, Nuclear Behavior, and Alliance Dynamics,” Princeton University Mimeo.Google Scholar

Larrabee, F. Stephen. 2012. “Greek-Turkish Relations in an Era of Regional and Global Change,” Journal of Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 471–479.Google Scholar

Lavoy, Peter R. 1997. “Learning to Live with the Bomb? India and Nuclear Weapons, 1947–1974.” PhD dissertation, University of California at Berkeley.Google Scholar

Lawrence, Mark Atwood. 2005. Assuming the Burden: Europe and the American Commitment to War in Vietnam. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar

Leah, Christine M. 2012. “U.S. Extended Nuclear Deterrence and Nuclear Order: An Australian Perspective,” Asian Security, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 93–114.Google Scholar

Lee, Chae-Jin. 1998. “China and North Korea: An Uncertain Relationship,” in North Korea after Kim Il Sung, pp. 193–210. Suh, Dae-Sook and Lee, Chae-Jin, eds. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers.Google Scholar

Lee, Chae-Jin. 2002. “U.S. Policy toward North Korea: Engagement and Deterrence,” in The Challenges of Reconciliation and Reform in Korea, pp. 167–194. B.C. Koh, ed. Washington, DC: KEIA.Google Scholar

Lee, Chae-Jin. 2006. A Troubled Peace: U.S. Policy and the Two Koreas. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar

Lee, Jongseok. 2011. “South Korean and U.S. Policy toward North Korea: A Strategy for Two Crises,” in Beyond North Korea: Future Challenges to South Korea’s Security, pp. 109–134. Kwan Kim, Byung, Shin, Gi-Wook, and Straub, David, eds. The Walter H. Shorenstein Asia/Pacific Research Center.Google Scholar

Lee, Jung-Hoon, and Moon, Chung-in. 2003. “The North Korean Nuclear Crisis,” Security Dialogue, Vol. 34, Vol. 2, pp. 135–151.Google Scholar

Lee, Ming. 2009. “North Korea’s China Policy,” in North Korea’s Foreign Policy under Kim Jong Il: New Perspectives, pp. 161–178. Kwak, Tae-Hwan and Joo, Seung-Ho, eds. Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing Company.Google Scholar

Leeds, Brett Ashley, Ritter, Jeffrey M., Mitchell, Sara McLaughlin, and Long, Andrew G.. 2002. “Alliance Treaty Obligations and Provisions, 1815–1944,” International Interactions, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 237–260.Google Scholar

Lesser, Ian O. 2005. “Turkey, Iran, and Nuclear Risks,” in Getting Ready for a Nuclear-Ready Iran, pp. 89–112. Sokolski, Henry and Clawson, Patrick, eds. Washington, DC: Strategic Studies Institute.Google Scholar

Leventhal, Paul, and Tanzer, Sharon, eds. 1992. Averting a Latin American Nuclear Arms Race: New Prospects and Challenges for Argentine-Brazilian Nuclear Cooperation. New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar

Levey, Zach. 2004. “The United States’ Skyhawk Sale to Israel, 1966: Strategic Exigencies of an Arms Deal,” Diplomatic History, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 255–276.Google Scholar

Levite, Ariel E. 2002–2003. “Never Say Never Again: Nuclear Reversal Revisited,” International Security, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 59–88.Google Scholar

Levy, Adrian, and Scott-Clark, Catherine. 2007. Deception: Pakistan, the United States, and the Secret Trade in Nuclear Weapons. New York: Walker Publishing Company.Google Scholar

Levy, Jack S. 2008. “Preventive War and Democratic Politics,” International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 52, No. 1, pp. 1–24.Google Scholar

Lewis, Jeffrey. 2006. “How Long for Japan to Build a Deterrent?” Arms Control Wonk blog post, December 28. Available at: www.armscontrolwonk.com/archive/201339/japans-nuclear-status/. Last accessed: February 15, 2016.Google Scholar

Lewis, John W. and Litai, Xue. 1988. China Builds the Bomb. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar

Lewis, John W. and Litai, Xue. 1994. China’s Strategic Seapower: The Politics of Force Modernization in the Nuclear Age. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar

Li, Danhui, and Xia, Yafeng. 2014. “Jockeying for Leadership: Mao and the Sino-Soviet Split, October 1961–July 1964,” Journal of Cold War Studies, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 24–60.Google Scholar

Li, Gong. 2001. “Tension across the Taiwan Strait in the 1950s: Chinese Strategy and Tactics,” in Re-examining the Cold War: U.S.-China Diplomacy, 1954–1973, pp. 141–172. Ross, Robert S. and Changbin, Jiang, eds. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Liberman, Peter. 2001. “The Rise and Fall of the South African Bomb,” International Security, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 45–86.Google Scholar

Liberman, Peter. 2004. “Israel and the South African Bomb,” The Nonproliferation Review, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 46–80.Google Scholar

Lin, Yang Bonny. 2012. “Arms, Alliances, and the Bomb: Using Conventional Arms Transfers to Prevent Nuclear Proliferation.” PhD dissertation, Yale University. Available at http://search.proquest.com/docview/1038970618?accountid=15172. Last accessed: September 2, 2015.Google Scholar

Lippman, Thomas W. 2008. “Nuclear Weapons and Saudi Strategy,” The Middle East Institute Policy Brief. No. 5. Available at www.mei.edu/content/nuclear-weapons-and-saudi-strategy. Last accessed: December 30, 2015.Google Scholar

Lippman, Thomas W. 2012. Saudi Arabia on the Edge: The Uncertain Future of an American Ally. Washington, DC: Potomac Books.Google Scholar

Little, Douglas. 1993. “The Making of a Special Relationship,” International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 563–585.Google Scholar

Liu, Yanqiong, and Jifeng, Liu. 2009. “Analysis of Soviet Technology Transfer in the Development of China’s Nuclear Weapons,” Comparative Technology Transfer and Society, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 66–110.Google Scholar

Logevall, Fredrik. 2012. Embers of War: The Fall of an Empire and the Making of America’s Vietnam. New York: Random House.Google Scholar

Lorentzen, Peter L., Fravel, Taylor M., and Paine, Jack. 2014. “Using Process Tracing to Evaluate Formal Models.” MIT Political Science Department Research Paper No. 2014-3. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2407629. Last accessed: December 3, 2015.Google Scholar

Lytle, Mark Hamilton. 1987. The Origins of the Iranian-American Alliance, 1941–1953. New York: Holmes and Meier.Google Scholar

Mabon, David W. 1988. “Elusive Agreements: The Pacific Pact Proposals of 1949–1951,” Pacific Historical Review, Vol. 57, No. 2, pp. 147–178.Google Scholar

Mackby, Jenifer, and Slocombe, Walter B.. 2004. “Germany: The Model Case, a Historical Imperative,” in The Nuclear Tipping Point: Why States Reconsider Their Nuclear Choices, pp. 175–217. Campbell, Kurt M., Einhorn, Robert J., and Reiss, Mitchell B., eds. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.Google Scholar

Mackie, John L. 1965. “Causes and Conditions,” American Philosophical Quarterly, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 245–264.Google Scholar

Maddock, Shane J. 2010. Nuclear Apartheid: The Quest for American Atomic Supremacy from World War II to the Present. Raleigh: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar

Mahoney, James. 2008. “Toward a Unified Theory of Causation,” Comparative Political Studies, Vol. 41, No. 4–5, pp. 412–436.Google Scholar

Mahoney, James, Kimball, Erin, and Koivu, Kendra L.. 2009. “The Logic of Historical Explanation in the Social Sciences,” Comparative Political Studies, Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 114–146.Google Scholar

Makowsky, David. 2012. “The Silent Strike: How Israel Bombed a Syrian Nuclear Installation and Kept It Secret,” The New Yorker, September 17.Google Scholar

Malheiros, Tania. 1993. Brasil: A Bomba Oculta. Rio de Janeiro: Gryphus.Google Scholar

Malheiros, Tania. 1996. Histórias Secretas do Brasil Nuclear. São Paulo: Gryphus.Google Scholar

Mallea, Rodrigo. 2013a. “The First Attempt at Argentine-Brazilian Nuclear Cooperation and the Argentine Response, 1967–1972.” Nuclear Proliferation International History Project research update. Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center for Scholars, July 12.Google Scholar

Mallea, Rodrigo. 2013b. “From the Indian Bomb to the Establishment of the First Brazil-Argentina Nuclear Agreement (1974–1980).” Nuclear Proliferation International History Project research update. Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center for Scholars, July 24.Google Scholar

Mallea, Rodrigo, Spektor, Matias, and Wheeler, Nicholas J., eds. 2015. The Origins of Nuclear Cooperation: A Critical Oral History between Argentina and Brazil. Washington, DC, and Rio de Janeiro: Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars and FGV.Google Scholar

Malone, Peter. 1984. The British Nuclear Deterrent. New York: St. Martin’s.Google Scholar

Mann, James. 1999. About Face: A History of America’s Curious Relationship with China, from Nixon to Clinton. New York: Alfred Knopf.Google Scholar

Zedong, Mao. 1961. Selected Works of Mao Tse-Tung. Volume IV. Peking: Foreign Language Press.Google Scholar

Zedong, Mao. 1963. Selected Military Writings of Mao Tse-Tung. Peking: Foreign Language Press.Google Scholar

Zedong, Mao. 1977. Selected Works of Mao Tsetung. Volume V. Peking: Foreign Language Press.Google Scholar

Mao Zedong sixiang wansui. 1967–1969. 3 vols. Released by the Institution of International Relations, Taipei.Google Scholar

Martin, Philippe, Mayer, Thierry, and Thoenig, Mathias. 2008. “Make Trade Not War?” The Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 75, No. 3, pp. 865–900.Google Scholar

Marwah, Onkar. 1981. “India and Pakistan: Nuclear Rivals in South Asia,” International Organization, Vol. 35, No. 1, pp. 165–179.Google Scholar

Mazaheri, Nimah. 2010. “Iraq and the Domestic Political Effects of Economic Sanctions,” Middle East Journal, Vol. 64, No. 2, pp. 253–268.Google Scholar

McGarr, Paul M. 2013. The Cold War in South Asia: Britain, the United States and the Indian Subcontinent 1945–1965. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

McNamee, Terence. 2005. “The Afrikaner Bomb: Nuclear Proliferation and Rollback in South Africa,” in Why Do States Want Nuclear Weapons? The Cases of Israel and South Africa, pp. 13–23. Cohen, Avner and McNamee, Terence, ed. Oslo: Norwegian Institute for Defence Studies.Google Scholar

Mearsheimer, John J. 1990. “Why We Will Soon Miss the Cold War,” The Atlantic Monthly, Vol. 266, No. 2, pp. 35–50.Google Scholar

Melissen, Jan. 1994. “Nuclearizing NATO, 1957–1959: The ‘Anglo-Saxons,’ Nuclear Sharing and the Fourth Country Problem,” Review of International Studies, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 253–275.Google Scholar

Mian, Zia. 1998. “Renouncing the Nuclear Option,” in Pakistan and the Bomb: Public Opinion and Nuclear Options, pp. 47–68. Ahmed, Samina and Cortright, David, eds. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.Google Scholar

Michishita, Narushige. 2003. “North Korea’s ‘First’ Nuclear Diplomacy, 1993–94,” Journal of Strategic Studies, Vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 47–82.Google Scholar

Milani, Abbas. 2010. The Myth of the Great Satan: A New Look at America’s Relations with Iran. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press.Google Scholar

Milani, Abbas. 2011. The Shah. New York: Palgrave MacMillan.Google Scholar

Milivojevic, Marko. 1990. “The Swiss Armed Forces,” in Swiss Neutrality and Security, pp. 3–48. Milivojevic, Marko and Maurer, Pierre, eds. New York: Berg.Google Scholar

Miller, Jamie. 2012. “Things Fall Apart: South Africa and the Collapse of the Portuguese Empire, 1973–74,” Cold War History, Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 183–204.Google Scholar

Miller, Jamie. 2013a. “Yes, Minister: Reassessing South Africa’s Intervention in the Angolan Civil War, 1975,” Journal of Cold War Studies, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 4–33.Google Scholar

Miller, Jamie. 2013b. Response to Chris Saunders. Available at: http://h-diplo.org/reviews/PDF/AR440-Response.pdf. Last accessed: May 2, 2016.Google Scholar

Miller, Nicholas L. 2014a. “The Secret Success of Nonproliferation Sanctions,” International Organization, Vol. 68, No. 4, pp. 913–944.Google Scholar

Miller, Nicholas L. 2014b. “Nuclear Dominos: A Self-Defeating Prophecy?” Security Studies, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 33–73.Google Scholar

Mirchandani, G. G. 1968. India’s Nuclear Dilemma. New Delhi: Popular Book Services.Google Scholar

Mitchell, Derek J. 2004. “Taiwan’s Hsin Chu Program: Deterrence, Abandonment, and Honor,” in The Nuclear Tipping Point: Why States Reconsider Their Nuclear Choices, pp. 293–313. Campbell, Kurt M., Einhorn, Robert J., and Reiss, Mitchell B., eds. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.Google Scholar

Mochizuki, Mike M. 2007. “Japan Tests the Nuclear Taboo,” The Nonproliferation Review, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 303–328.Google Scholar

Mongin, Dominique. 1997. La Bombe Atomique Française, 1945–1958. Bruxelles: Bruylant.Google Scholar

Monteiro, Nuno P. 2014. Theory of Unipolar Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Monteiro, Nuno P., and Debs, Alexandre. 2014. “The Strategic Logic of Nuclear Proliferation,” International Security, Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 7–51.Google Scholar

Monteiro, Nuno P. and Debs, Alexandre. 2015. “An Economic Theory of War.” Yale University Mimeo.Google Scholar

Monten, Jonathan, and Provost, Mark. 2005. “Theater Missile Defense and Japanese Nuclear Weapons,” Asian Security, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 285–303.Google Scholar

Montgomery, Alexander H., and Mount, Adam. 2014. “Misestimation: Explaining US Failures to Predict Nuclear Weapons Programs,” Intelligence and National Security, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 357–386.Google Scholar

Montgomery, Alexander H., and Sagan, Scott D.. 2009. “The Perils of Predicting Proliferation,” Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 53, No. 2, pp. 302–328.Google Scholar

Moravcsik, Andrew. 1997. “Taking Preferences Seriously: A Liberal Theory of International Politics,” International Organization, Vol. 51, No. 4, pp. 513–553.Google Scholar

Morrow, James D. 1994. “Alliances, Credibility, and Peacetime Costs,” Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 270–297.Google Scholar

Motta, Marly. 2010. “As Peças do Quebra-cabeça: Rex Nazaré e a Política Nuclear Brasileira,” História Oral, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 115–135.Google Scholar

Mueller, John. 1988. “The Essential Irrelevance of Nuclear Weapons: Stability in the Postwar World,” International Security, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 55–79.Google Scholar

Mueller, John. 1989. Retreat from Doomsday: The Obsolescence of Major War. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar

Mukhatzhanova, Gaukhar. 2010. “Nuclear Weapons in the Balkans: Why Yugoslavia Tried and Serbia Will Not,” in Forecasting Nuclear Proliferation in the 21st Century: A Comparative Perspective, Vol. 2, pp. 205–228. Potter, William C. with Mukhatzhanova, Gaukhar, eds. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar

Müller, Harald. 2003. “Germany and WMD Proliferation,” Nonproliferation Review, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 1–20.Google Scholar

Müller, Harald, and Schmidt, Andreas. 2010. “The Little-Known Story of Deproliferation: Why States Give Up Nuclear Weapons Activities,” in Forecasting Nuclear Proliferation in the 21st Century: The Role of Theory, Vol. 1, pp. 124–158. Potter, William C. with Mukhatzhanova, Gaukhar, eds. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar

Musharraf, Pervez. 2006. In the Line of Fire: A Memoir. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar

Myers, David J. 1984. “Brazil: Reluctant Pursuit of the Nuclear Option,” Orbis, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 881–911.Google Scholar