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4 - Pan-Islamism and Nationalism (Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 April 2020

Chiara Formichi
Affiliation:
Cornell University, New York
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Summary

The rapid technological advances which took place in the second half of the 19th century – most notably steam shipping, the opening of the Suez Canal, and printing -- allowed for increased exchanges and communication across Islamized Asia. The intellectual vitality that enveloped Cairo and Mecca reached many across Asia, whether directly through travel or indirectly through publications. As World War One brought about the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and the end of the Caliphate in 1924, at the same time reinforcing European colonial presence, Muslim communities world-wide became involved with pan-Islamism, whether as a reflection of their interest in the resurgence of a caliphate, or as a strategic component of their anti-colonial efforts, further reinforcing the sense of community and belonging. This chapter follows the impact of the Caliphal crisis across Asia with a focus on the Netherlands East Indies, British India and Soviet Central Asia, as Muslims in these locales became main initiators of forums to discuss the future of the Caliphate and came to embrace pan-Islamism as a rallying point to achieve independence, even though their frames were largely shaped by local understandings and experiences of culture, religion and politics. [193]

Type
Chapter
Information
Islam and Asia
A History
, pp. 104 - 141
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2020

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References

Further Reading

Al-Rasheed, M., Kersten, C. and Shterin, M. (2013) Demystifying the caliphate: historical memory and contemporary contexts, New York, NY: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
ʻAziz, A. (1967) Islamic modernism in India and Pakistan, 1857–1964, London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Casale, G. (2010) The Ottoman age of exploration, Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Gelvin, J. L., & Green, N. (Eds.) (2014Global Muslims in the age of steam and printBerkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Hassan, M. (2016) Longing for the lost caliphate: a transregional history, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Karpat, K. H. (2001) The politicization of Islam: reconstructing identity, state, faith, and community in the late Ottoman state, New York, NY: Oxford University Press, esp. chapter 10.Google Scholar
Keddie, N. R. (1966) “The pan-Islamic appeal: Afghani and Abdülhamid II,” Middle Eastern Studies 3(1): 4667.Google Scholar
Khalid, A. (1998) The politics of Muslim cultural reform: Jadidism in Central Asia, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Landau, J. M. (1990) The politics of Pan-Islam: ideology and organization, Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Metcalf, B. D. (1982) Islamic revival in British India: Deoband, 1860–1900, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Minault, G. (1982) The Khilafat movement: religious symbolism and political mobilization in India, New York, NY: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Nakamura, M. (1983) The crescent arises over the banyan tree: a study of the Muhammadiyah movement in a central Javanese town, Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.Google Scholar
Qureshi, M. N. (2009) Pan-Islam in British Indian politics: the politics of the Khilafat Movement, 1918–1924, Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Ricklefs, M. C. (2007) Polarizing Javanese society: Islamic, and other visions, c. 1830–1930, Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai’i Press.Google Scholar
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Teitelbaum, J. (2001) The rise and fall of the Hashemite Kingdom of Arabia, New York, NY: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Northrop, D. T. (2004Veiled empire: gender & power in Stalinist Central Asia, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

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