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Chapter 10 - Neonatal Hemolysis

from Section III - Erythrocyte Disorders

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 January 2021

By
Bertil Glader  and
Aditi Kamdar
Edited by
Pedro A. de Alarcón ,
Eric J. Werner ,
Robert D. Christensen  and
Martha C. Sola-Visner
Pedro A. de Alarcón
Affiliation:
University of Illinois College of Medicine
Eric J. Werner
Affiliation:
Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters
Robert D. Christensen
Affiliation:
University of Utah
Martha C. Sola-Visner
Affiliation:
Harvard University, Massachusetts
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Summary

This chapter focuses on the recognition and management of hemolysis in newborn infants (). Some of the common hemolytic anemias of childhood first appear in the newborn period, while others do not present until several months of age, and a few rare hemolytic disorders occur only in the neonatal period. These variations in the age that hemolytic anemia first presents reflect differences in neonatal erythropoiesis, hemoglobin synthesis, and the metabolism of newborn erythrocytes. When approaching an infant with a potential hemolytic disorder, the first issue to be addressed is whether there is evidence of increased red-cell destruction and accelerated production. If yes, then the next question to consider is whether the cause of neonatal hemolysis is due to extracellular (acquired) factors or an intrinsic (genetic) red-cell defect. Acquired disorders are those that are immune mediated, associated with infection, or accompany some other underlying pathology. Inherited red-cell disorders are due to defects in the cell membrane, abnormalities in red blood cell (RBC) metabolism, or a consequence of a hemoglobin defect.

Type
Chapter
Information
Neonatal Hematology
Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management of Hematologic Problems
 , pp. 155 - 184
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

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