Book contents
- Roman Port Societies
- British School at Rome Studies
- Roman Port Societies
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Figures
- Tables
- Contributors
- Abbreviations
- 1 The Context of Roman Mediterranean Port Societies
- 2 Inscriptions and Port Societies
- 3 Stationes and Associations of Merchants at Puteoli and Delos
- 4 Boatmen and their Corpora in the Great Ports of the Roman West (Second to Third Centuries AD)
- 5 Roman Port Societies and Their Collegia
- 6 Port Occupations and Social Hierarchies
- 7 Warehouse Societies
- 8 The Imperial Cult and the Sacred Bonds of Roman Overseas Commerce
- 9 Law and Life in Roman Harbours
- 10 Living Like a Cosmopolitan?
- 11 Ports, Trade and Supply Routes in Western Europe
- 12 The Port Society of Narona
- 13 Municipal Authority, Central Authority and Euergetists at Work at the Port
- 14 The Structure of Mercantile Communities in the Roman World
- 15 Polysemy, Epigraphic Habit and Social Legibility of Maritime Shippers
- 16 Reading Roman Port Societies
- Indexes
- References
15 - Polysemy, Epigraphic Habit and Social Legibility ofMaritime Shippers
Navicularii, Naukleroi, Naucleri, Nauculari,Nauclari
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 30 October 2020
Book contents
- Roman Port Societies
- British School at Rome Studies
- Roman Port Societies
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Figures
- Tables
- Contributors
- Abbreviations
- 1 The Context of Roman Mediterranean Port Societies
- 2 Inscriptions and Port Societies
- 3 Stationes and Associations of Merchants at Puteoli and Delos
- 4 Boatmen and their Corpora in the Great Ports of the Roman West (Second to Third Centuries AD)
- 5 Roman Port Societies and Their Collegia
- 6 Port Occupations and Social Hierarchies
- 7 Warehouse Societies
- 8 The Imperial Cult and the Sacred Bonds of Roman Overseas Commerce
- 9 Law and Life in Roman Harbours
- 10 Living Like a Cosmopolitan?
- 11 Ports, Trade and Supply Routes in Western Europe
- 12 The Port Society of Narona
- 13 Municipal Authority, Central Authority and Euergetists at Work at the Port
- 14 The Structure of Mercantile Communities in the Roman World
- 15 Polysemy, Epigraphic Habit and Social Legibility of Maritime Shippers
- 16 Reading Roman Port Societies
- Indexes
- References
Summary
The Latin words navicularii and nauclari and the Greek ναύκληροι or naucleri provide us with aninteresting case study of epigraphic evidence. It isvery illustrative of the opportunities that thisevidence offers, as well as its limits of inference,and the amount of work still necessary for a soundunderstanding of its meaning. The corpus of knowntexts raises several issues. The first one is thesmall number of epigraphic occurrences of thesewords. Almost 90 individuals and more than 60mentions of groups may be considered to be asignificant corpus (Table 5). It is quite a smallnumber, however, if compared to the some 600inscriptions mentioning negotiantes, negotiatores and πραγματευόμενοι, or the45 inscriptions mentioning naukleroi on the island of Delos alonein the pre-Imperial period. Occurrences of maritimeshippers remain suprisingly rare given the largenumber of ports in the Empire and the time span ofc. 500 years underconsideration. Notwithstanding the presence of anumber of major coastal ports, the epigraphy of theRoman Near East has provided a very large number ofcitations relating to occupations, but has onlyproduced two naukleroi, one at Askalon, the other atAradus in a late inscription, although threeLevantine naukleroiare recorded in other geographical areas and ports.The reasons for such an epigraphic silence are worthexploring.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Roman Port SocietiesThe Evidence of Inscriptions, pp. 367 - 424Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2020
References
Adak, M. and
Atvur, O.
(1997) Das Grabhaus
des Zosimas und der Schiffseigner Eudemos aus
Olympos in Lykien.
Epigraphica Anatolica
28:
11–31.Google Scholar
Adams, C.
(2017) Nile river
transport under the Romans. In
Wilson, A. and
Bowman, A. (eds),
Trade, Commerce, and the State in the
Roman World. Oxford
University Press:
175-208.Google Scholar
Arnaud, P.
(2005) Les routes de la
navigation antique. Itinéraires en
Méditerranée.
Paris,
Errance.Google Scholar
Arnaud, P.
(2016) Cities and
maritime trade under the Roman
Empire. In Schäfer, C. (ed.),
Connecting the Ancient World:
Mediterranean Shipping, Maritime Networks and
their Impact.
Rahden,
Verlag Marie
Leidorf:
117–68.Google Scholar
Becatti, G.
(1961) Scavi di Ostia IV. I mosaici e i pavimenti
marmorei.
Rome,
Libreria dello
Stato.Google Scholar
Ben
Abdallah, Z.
B. (1986)
Catalogue des inscriptions latines païenne
du Musée du Bardo. Paris,
École française de
Rome.Google Scholar
Bonsangue, M.
(2002) Aspects
économiques et sociaux du monde du travail à
Narbonne, d’après la documentation
épigraphique (Ier siècle av.
J.-C.–Ier siècle ap. J.-C.). Cahiers du
Centre Gustave Glotz
13:
201–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borhy, L.
(2012) Hinweise auf
Schifffahrt und Fernhandel in Brigetio,
Komárom/Szőny, Ungarn.
Histria Antiqua
21:
37–48.Google Scholar
Bounegru, O.
(2000) Der westliche
Pontosraum und seine Handelsbeziehungen in der
römischen Kaiserzeit.
Studia Antiqua et Archaeologica
7:
121–37.Google Scholar
Bounegru, O.
(2006a) Trafiquants et
navigateurs sur le Bas-Danube et dans le Pont
Gauche à l’époque Romaine.
Wiesbaden,
Harrassowitz.Google Scholar
Bounegru, O.
(2006b) Trafiquants et
armateurs de Nicomédie dans la Méditerrannée à
l’époque romaine. In Akerraz, A.,
Ruggeri, P.,
Siraj, A. and
Vismara, C. (eds),
L’Africa Romana XVI. Mobilità delle personne e dei
popoli, dinamiche migratorie, emigrazioni ed
immigrazioni nelle provincie occidentali
dell’Impero Romano, Rabat 15–19 Dic.
2004.
Rome,
Carocci:
1557–68.Google Scholar
Bounegru, O.
(2007) Le Pont Gauche
et le commerce de Rome: traditions hellénistiques
et modèles commerciales romaines.
Classica et Christiana
2:
37–46.Google Scholar
Broekaert, W.
(2008). Creatio ex
nihilo? The origin of the ‘corpora nauiculariorum’
reconsidered.
Latomus
67.3:
692–706.Google Scholar
Broekaert, W.
(2013) Navicularii et
Negotiantes: A Prosopographical Study of Roman
Merchants and Shippers. Pharos 1. Studien zur griechisch-romischen
Antike 28.
Rahden/Westfalen,
Marie
Leidorf.Google Scholar
Bugarski-Mesdjian, A.
(2005) Traces d’Égypte
en Dalmatie romaine: culte, mode et
pouvoir. In Bricault, L.,
Versluys, M.J. and
Meyboom, P.G.P. (eds),
Nile into Tiber: Egypt in the Roman World.
Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference of
Isis Studies, Leiden, May 11–14 2005.
Leiden,
Brill:
289–328.Google Scholar
Cañizar Palacios, J.L.
(2009) Los
‘navicularii Hispaniarum’ en el contexto de la
documentación legislativa
tardoantigua. Hispania
Antiqua
33:
295–309.Google Scholar
Christol, M.
(1982) Les
naviculaires d’Arles et les structures du grand
commerce maritime sous l’Empire
romain. Provence
Historique
32:
5–14.Google Scholar
Christol, M.
(2003) Activité
économique, appartenance à l’élite et notabilité:
les collèges dans la Gaule méridionale et la
vallée du Rhône. In Cébeillac-Gervasoni, M.
and Lamoine, L. (eds),
Les élites et leurs facettes. Les élites
locales dans le monde hellénistique et romain.
Collection de l’Ecole française de Rome
309.
Paris,
École française de
Rome:
323–35.Google Scholar
Cisneros
Cunchillos, M.
(1998) Santoña y los
puertos de la Cantabria romana: un estado de la
cuestión. Monte
Buciero
2:
137–49.Google Scholar
Courrier, C.
(2015) Une inscription
inédite de Fos-sur-Mer: la (vraisemblable)
dédicace d’un nauclerus à la divinité tutélaire et
au génie de
negotiantes subaediani. Revue
Archéologique de Narbonnaise
48:
9–30.Google Scholar
De
Robertis, F.M.
(1937) Il corpus naviculariorum nella
stratificazione sociale del basso
Impero. Rivista del
Diritto della Navigazione
3:
189–215.Google Scholar
De
Salvo, L.
(1989) I navicularii di Sardegna e
d’Africa nel Tardo Impero. In
Mastino, A. (ed.),
Africa Romana, Atti del VI Convegno di
studi, Sassari, 1988.
Sassari,
Galizzi:
743–54.Google Scholar
De
Salvo, L.
(1992) Economia privata e
pubblici servizi nell’Impero Romano: I corpora
naviculariorum. Kleio
5.
Messina,
Samperi.Google Scholar
De
Salvo, L.
(2006) Mobilità di
mercanti nell’occidente Romano. In
Akerraz, A.,
Ruggeri, P.,
Siraj, A. and
Vismara, C. (eds),
L’Africa Romana XVI. Mobilità delle persone e dei
popoli, dinamiche migratorie, emigrazioni ed
immigrazioni nelle provincie occidentali dell’
Impero Romano. Atti del XVI Convengno di studio,
Rabat, 15–19 Dic. 2004
II.
Rome,
Carocci:
773–90.Google Scholar
Duncan-Jones, R.
(1976) The choenix,
the artaba and the modius.
Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und
Epigraphik
21:
43–52.Google Scholar
Eck, W. and
Zissu, B.
(2001) A nauclerus de œco
poreuticorum in a new inscription from
Ashkelon/Ascalon. Scripta
Classica Israelica
20:
85–88. (Repr. in W.
Eck, Judäa–Syria Palästina.
Die Auseinandersetzung einer Provinz mit römischer
Politik und Kultur. Tübingen, Mohr
Siebeck, 2014: 116–19.)Google Scholar
Ernout, A. and
Meillet, A.
(1960) Dictionnaire
étymologique de la langue latine.
Paris,
Klincksieck.Google Scholar
Gaudemet, J.
(1980) Incitations
juridiques en matière économique: les privilèges
des ‘navicularii’ au début du IVe
siècle. Mélanges R.
Besnier.
Paris,
Société de droit:
99–106.Google Scholar
Gonis, N.
(2003) Ship-owners and
skippers in fourth-century
Oxyrhynchus. Zeitschrift
für Papyrologie und Epigraphik
143:
163–5.Google Scholar
Hauben, H.
(1971) An annotated
list of Ptolemaic naukleroi with a discussion of BGU X, 1933.
Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und
Epigraphik
8:
259–75.Google Scholar
Hauben, H.
(1978) Nouvelles
remarques sur les nauclères d’Egypte à l’époque
des Lagides. Zeitschrift
für Papyrologie und Epigraphik
28:
99–107.Google Scholar
Hauben, H.
(1983) ‘Nauclères
classiques’ et ‘nauclères du Nil’.
Chronique d’Égypte
58:
237–47.Google Scholar
Heilporn, P.
(2000) 77. Registre de
navires marchands. In Melaerts, H. (ed.),
Papyri in honorem Johannis Bingen
Octogenarii (P. Bingen).
Leuven,
Peeters:
339–59.Google Scholar
Jones, A.H.M.,
Martindale, J.R. and
Morris, J.
(1992) The Prosopography of
the Later Roman Empire II. Cambridge
University
Press.Google Scholar
Kleijwegt, M.
(1993) The Sallii from
Amiternum and the role of ‘Praetextati’ in
municipal councils.
Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte
Geschichte
42.1:
110–17.Google Scholar
Lanciani, R.
(1881) Ostia – Intorno
agli scavi del teatro di Ostia e sue
adiacenze. Notizie degli
Scavi di Antichità
109:
109–22.Google Scholar
Lepelley, C.
(1981) Les cités de l’Afrique
romaine au Bas-Empire II. Notices d’histoire
municipale.
Paris,
Études
Augustiniennes.Google Scholar
Llobregat, E.
(1988) Dos
inscripciones Griegas, altoimperiales, del Tossal
de Manises, Alicante.
Gerión
1:
351–8.Google Scholar
Merlat, P.
(1952) Note sur une
base consacrée à Neptune trouvée près de
Douarnenez,
Gallia
10:
67–75.Google Scholar
Michon, E.
(1913) Mosaïques d’Ostie intéressant
l’Afrique romaine. Bulletin
de la Société Nationale des Antiquaires de
France:
236–44.Google Scholar
Millar, F.
(1983) Empire and
city, Augustus to Julian: obligations, excuses and
status. Journal of Roman
Studies
73:
76–96.Google Scholar
Noy, D.
(2000) Foreigners at Rome:
Citizens and Strangers.
London,
Duckworth/Classical Press of
Wales.Google Scholar
Panciera, S.
(1978) Aquileia,
Ravenna e la flotta militare.
Antichità Altoadriatiche
13:
107–34.Google Scholar
Peña, M.-J.
(2000) Inscriptions
lapidaires et marques sur
amphores. Revue
Archéologique de Narbonnaise
33:
8–14.Google Scholar
Reddé, M.
(2001) Le rôle
militaire des ports de l’Adriatique sous le
Haut-Empire. In Zaccaria, C. (ed.),
Strutture portuali e rotte marittime nell’
Adriatico di età Romana. Atti del Convegno
internazionale, Aquileia 20–23 maggio 1998.
Antichità Altoadriatiche
46:
43–54.Google Scholar
Reed, C.M.
(2003) Maritime Traders in
the Ancient Greek World.
Cambridge University
Press.Google Scholar
Rey-Coquais, J.P.
(1993) Sur
l’inscription des naviculaires d’Arles à
Beyrouth. Syria
70.1/2:
69–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rey-Coquais, J.P.
(2002) Noms de métiers
dans les inscriptions de la Syrie
antique. Cahiers du Centre
Gustave Glotz
13:
247–64.Google Scholar
Robert, J. and
Robert, L.
(1974) Bulletin
épigraphique. Revue des
Études Grecques
87:
186–340.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rohde, D.
(2009) Der Piazzale
delle Corporazioni in Ostia: Wirtschaftliche
Funktion und soziale Bedeutung.
Marburger Beiträge zur Antiken Handels-,
Wirtschafts- und Sozialgeschichte
29:
31–61.Google Scholar
Rossi, L.
(2015) Entre gentes
Putéolitaines et élite Alexandrine: étude des
acteurs du commerce au long cours dans l’Égypte
romaine. Cahiers ‘Mondes
Anciens’
7. http://mondesanciens.revues.org/1556; doi:
10.4000/mondesanciens.1556Google Scholar
Rougé, J.
(1966) Recherches sur
l’organisation du commerce maritime en
Méditerranée sous l’Empire romain.
Paris,
SEVPEN.Google Scholar
Saumagne, C.
(1949) Découverte à
Carthage de fragments épigraphiques d’un règlement
fiscal du règne de Valentinien
Ier. Comptes Rendus des
Séances de l’Académie des Inscriptions et
Belles-Lettres
93.1:
16–18.Google Scholar
Schmidts, T.
(2010) Aurelius
Theogeiton: ein Schiffseigner aus dem Syrischen
Arados auf Italienfahrt.
Archäologisches
Korrespondenzblatt
40.2:
251–63.Google Scholar
Schmidts, T
(2011) Akteure und
Organisation der Handelsschifffahrt in den
nordwestlichen Provinzen des Römischen Reiches.
Monographien des römisch-germanischen
Zentralmuseums
97.
Mainz,
RZGM
Verlag.Google Scholar
Sirks, B.
(1991) Food for Rome: The
Legal Structure of the Transportation and
Processing of Supplies for the Imperial
Distributions in Rome and Constantinople.
Amsterdam,
J.C.
Gieben.Google Scholar
Speidel, M.A.
(2014) Roman army pay
scales revisited: responses and
answers. In Reddé, M. (ed.),
De l’or pour les braves! Soldes, armées et
circulation monétaire dans le monde romain. Actes
de la table ronde organisée par l’UMR 8210
(AnHiMa) à l’Institut national d’histoire de l’art
(12–13 septembre 2013).
Bordeaux,
Ausonius:
53–62.Google Scholar
Tran, N.
(2006) Les membres des
associations romaines. Le rang social des collegiati en Italie et en
Gaules, sous le Haut-Empire. Collection de l’École française de
Rome
309.
Paris,
École française de
RomeGoogle Scholar
Tran, N.
(2007) La mention
épigraphique des métiers artisanaux et commerciaux
en Italie centro-méridionale. In
Andreau, J. and
Chankowski, V. (eds),
Vocabulaire et expressions de l’économie
dans le monde antique.
Bordeaux,
Ausonius:
119–41.Google Scholar
Tran, N.
(2014) C. Veturius
Testius Amandus, les cinq corps de lénunculaires
d’Ostie et la batellerie tibérine au début du IIIe
siècle. Mélanges de
l’École française de Rome Antiquité
126.1:
131–45.Google Scholar
Tran, N.
(2015) Les acteurs
romains du commerce au long cours: une élite
négociante? Quelques réflexions
liminaires. Cahiers
‘Mondes Anciens’
7. http://journals.openedition.org/mondesanciens/1628Google Scholar
Varone, A.
(2012) Titulorum graphio
exaratorum qui in CIL vol. IV collecti sunt.
Imagines
II.
Rome,
Bretschneider.Google Scholar
Vélissaropoulos, J.
(1980) Les nauclères grecs.
Recherches sur les institutions maritimes en Grèce
et dans l’Orient hellénisé.
Geneva,
Droz.Google Scholar
Virlouvet, C.
(2004) Les
naviculaires d’Arles. À propos de l’inscription
provenant de Beyrouth.
Mélanges de l’Ecole française de Rome
Antiquité
116.1:
327–70.Google Scholar