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Section 3 - Late Prenatal – Fetal Problems

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 November 2017

David James
Affiliation:
University of Nottingham
Philip Steer
Affiliation:
Imperial College London
Carl Weiner
Affiliation:
University of Kansas
Bernard Gonik
Affiliation:
Wayne State University, Detroit
Stephen Robson
Affiliation:
University of Newcastle
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Summary

Modern antenatal care aims to optimize both maternal and fetal outcomes. The various methods of prenatal fetal surveillance are directed towards early detection and, sometimes, prevention of chronic fetal hypoxia. The fetal response to acute or chronic hypoxia varies and is modified by the preceding fetal condition. Prenatal fetal surveillance tools are useful in pregnancies that are at high risk of developing chronic fetal hypoxia, but less so for acute events (e.g., placental abruption). There is evidence that fetal surveillance in unselected low-risk population is not cost-effective and leads to unnecessary interventions. Therefore routine prenatal fetal surveillance techniques or tests are not universally adopted in this group.

Type
Chapter
Information
High-Risk Pregnancy
Management Options
, pp. 207 - 578
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
First published in: 2017

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References

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Further Reading

Baschat, AA, Neurodevelopment after fetal growth restriction. Fetal Diagn Ther 2014; 36: 136–42.Google Scholar
Baschat, AA, Cosmi, E, Bilardo, CM, et al. Predictors of neonatal outcome in early-onset placental dysfunction. Obstet Gynecol 2007; 109: 253–61.Google Scholar
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Baschat, AA, Viscardi, RM, Hussey-Gardner, B, et al. Infant neurodevelopment following fetal growth restriction: Relationship with antepartum surveillance parameters. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2009; 33: 4450.Google Scholar
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GRIT Study Group. A randomised trial of timed delivery for the compromised preterm fetus: short term outcomes and Bayesian interpretation. BJOG 2003; 110: 2732.Google Scholar
Lees, CC, Marlow, N, van Wassenaer-Leemhuis, A, et al. 2 year neurodevelopmental and intermediate perinatal outcomes in infants with very preterm fetal growth restriction (TRUFFLE): a randomised trial. Lancet 2015; 385: 2162–72.Google Scholar
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Further Reading

Bennett, PR, Le Van Kim, C, Colin, Y, et al. Prenatal determination of fetal RhD type by DNA amplification. N Engl J Med 1993; 329: 607–10.Google Scholar
Chown, B, Duff, AM, James, J, et al. Prevention of primary Rh immunization: First report of the Western Canadian Trial. Can Med J 1969; 100: 1021–47.Google Scholar
Harper, DC, Swingle, HM, Weiner, CP, et al. Long-term neurodevelopmental outcome and brain volume after treatment for hydrops fetalis by in utero intravascular transfusion. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006; 195: 192200.Google Scholar
Liley, AW. Errors in the assessment of hemolytic disease from amniotic fluid. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1963; 86: 485–94.Google Scholar
Mari, G, Deter, RL, Carpenter, RL, et al.; Collaborative Group for Doppler Assessment of the Blood Velocity in Anemic Fetuses. Noninvasive diagnosis by Doppler ultrasonography of fetal anemia due to maternal red cell alloimmunization. N Engl J Med 2000; 342: 914.Google Scholar
Nicolaides, KH, Rodeck, CH, Mibashan, RS, Kemp, JR. Have Liley charts outlived their usefulness? Am J Obstet Gynecol 1986; 155: 90–4.Google Scholar
Weiner, CP, Pelzer, GD, Heilskov, J, et al. The effect of intravascular transfusion on umbilical venous pressure in anemic fetuses with and without hydrops. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989; 161: 149E.Google Scholar
Weiner, CP, Williamson, RA, Wenstrom, KD, et al. Management of fetal hemolytic disease by cordocentesis: I. Prediction of fetal anemia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991; 165: 546–53.Google Scholar
Weiner, CP, Williamson, RA, Wenstrom, KD, et al. Management of fetal hemolytic disease by cordocentesis: ii. Outcome of treatment. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991; 165: 1302–7.Google Scholar
Yankowitz, J, Li, S, Weiner, CP. Polymerase chain reaction determination of RhC, Rhc, and RhE blood types: an evaluation of accuracy and clinical utility. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997; 176: 1107–11.Google Scholar

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Further Reading

Chitty, LS, Altman, DG. Charts of fetal size: limb bones. BJOG 2002; 109: 919–29.Google Scholar
Chitty, LS, Campbell, S, Altman, DG. Measurement of the fetal mandible: feasibility and construction of a centile chart. Prenat Diagn 1993; 13: 749–56.Google Scholar
Chitty, LS, Mason, S, Barrett, AN, et al. Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of achondroplasia and thanatophoric dysplasia: next generation sequencing allows for a safer, more accurate and comprehensive approach. Prenat Diagn 2015; 35: 656–62.Google Scholar
Hall, CM. International nosology and classification of constitutional disorders of bone (2001). Am J Med Genet 2002; 113: 6577.Google Scholar
Irving, M, Chitty, LS, Mansour, S, Hall, CM. Chondrodysplasia punctata: a clinical diagnostic and radiological review. Clin Dysmorphol 2008; 17: 229–41.Google Scholar
Khalil, A, Pajkrt, E, Chitty, LS. Early prenatal diagnosis of skeletal anomalies. Prenat Diagn 2011; 31: 115–24.Google Scholar
Nelson, DB, Dashe, JS, McIntire, DD, Twickler, DM. Fetal skeletal dysplasias: sonographic indices associated with adverse outcomes. J Ultrasound Med 2014; 33: 1085–90.Google Scholar
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Pajkrt, E, Cicero, S, Griffin, DR, van Maarle, MC, Chitty, LS. Fetal forearm anomalies: prenatal diagnosis, associations and management strategy. Prenat Diagn 2012; 32: 1084–93.Google Scholar

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Further Reading

Brace, V, Grant, SR, Brackley, KJ, et al. Prenatal diagnosis and outcome in sacrococcygeal teratomas: a review of cases between 1992 and 1998. Prenat Diagn 2000; 20: 51–5.Google Scholar
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Chiu, HH, Hsu, WC, Shih, JC, et al. The EXIT (ex utero intrapartum treatment) procedure. J Formos Med Assoc 2008; 107: 745–8.Google Scholar
Geipel, A, Krapp, U, Germer, R, et al. Perinatal diagnosis of cardiac tumors. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2001; 17: 1721.Google Scholar
Hubbard, AM, Adzick, NS, Crombleholme, TM, et al. Congenital chest lesions: diagnosis and characterization with prenatal MR imaging. Radiology 1999; 212: 43–8.Google Scholar
Hyett, J. Intra-abdominal masses: prenatal differential diagnosis and management. Prenat Diagn 2008; 28: 645–55.Google Scholar
Isaacs, H. Perinatal brain tumors: a review of 250 cases. Pediatr Neurol 2002; 27: 333–42.Google Scholar
Kamil, D, Tepelmann, J, Berg, C, et al. Spectrum and outcome of prenatally diagnosed fetal tumors. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2008; 31: 296302.Google Scholar
Koken, G, Yilmazer, M, Kir Sahin, F, et al. Prenatal diagnosis of a fetal intracranial immature teratoma. Fetal Diagn Ther 2008; 24: 368371.Google Scholar
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Peiro, JL, Sbragia, L, Scorletti, F, Lim, FCY. Perinatal management of fetal tumors. Curr Pediatr Rev. 2015: 11: 151–63.Google Scholar
Wenstrom, KD, Carr, SR. Fetal surgery: principles, indications, and evidence. Obstet Gynecol 2014; 124: 817–35.Google Scholar
Wenstrom, KD, Williamson, RA, Weiner, CP, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of fetuses with intracranial defects. Obstet Gynecol 1991; 77: 529–32.Google Scholar

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