Ando, A., Camm, J., Polasky, S. & Solow, A. (1998). Species distributions, land values and efficient conservation. Science, 279, 2126–2128.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Armsworth, P.R., Acs, S., Dallimer, M., et al. (2012). The cost of policy simplification in conservation incentive programs. Ecology Letters, 15(5), 406–414.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Bamière, L., Havlíka, P., Jacqueta, F., et al. (2011). Farming system modelling for agri-environmental policy design: the case of a spatially non-aggregated allocation of conservation measures. Ecological Economics, 70(5), 891–899.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bellows, T.S. (1981). The descriptive properties of some models for density dependence. Journal of Animal Ecology, 50, 139–156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Benton, T.G., Vickery, J.A. & Wilson, J.D. (2003). Farmland biodiversity: is habitat heterogeneity the key? Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 18(4), 182–188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bommarco, R., Kleijn, D. & Potts, S.G. (2013). Ecological intensification: harnessing ecosystem services for food security. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 28(4), 230–238.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Burton, R.J.F. & Schwarz, G. (2013). Result-oriented agri-environmental schemes in Europe and their potential for promoting behavioural change. Land Use Policy, 30, 628–641.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Caswell, H. (2001). Matrix Population Models: construction, analysis, and interpretation, 2nd edition. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.Google Scholar

Cong, R.-G., Smith, H.G., Olsson, O. & Brady, M. (2014). Managing ecosystem services for agriculture: will landscape-scale management pay? Ecological Economics, 99, 53–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Drechsler, M., Wätzold, F., Johst, K., Bergmann, H. & Settele, J. (2007a). A model-based approach for designing cost-effective compensation payments for conservation of endangered species in real landscapes. Biological Conservation, 140, 174–186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Drechsler, M., Grimm, V., Mysiak, J. & Wätzold, F. (2007b). Differences and similarities between economic and ecological models for biodiversity conservation. Ecological Economics, 62(2), 232–241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Drechsler, M., Johst, K., Wätzold, F. & Shogren, J. F. (2010). An agglomeration payment for cost-effective biodiversity conservation in spatially structured landscapes. Resource and Energy Economics, 32, 261–275.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ekroos, J., Olsson, O., Rundlöf, M., Wätzold, F., & Smith, H.G. (2014). Optimizing agri-environment schemes for biodiversity, ecosystem services or both? Biological Conservation, 172, 65–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

European Court of Auditors (2011). Is agri-environment support well designed and managed? Special Report No. 7/2011. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. http://eca.europa.eu/portal/pls/portal/docs/1/8760788.PDF.Google Scholar

Ferraro, P.J. (2008). Asymmetric information and contract design for payments for environmental services. Ecological Economics, 65, 810–821.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Finnoff, D. & Tschirhart, J. (2003). Harvesting in an eight-species ecosystem. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 45, 589–611.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Folke, C. (2006). Resilience: the emergence of a perspective for social–ecological systems analyses. Global Environmental Change, 16, 253–267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gerowitt, B., Isselstein, I. & Marggraf, R. (2003). Rewards for ecological goods – requirements and perspectives for agricultural land use. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 98, 541–547.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Goldberg, D. (1989). Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.Google Scholar

Grimm, V. & Railsback, S.F. (2005). Individual-based Modelling and Ecology. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press,.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Grimm, V., Berger, U., DeAngelis, D.L., et al. (2010). The ODD protocol: a review and first update. Ecological Modelling, 221, 2760–2768.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hampicke, U. (1991). Naturschutzökonomie. Stuttgart: Ulmer.Google Scholar

Hanski, I. (1999). Metapopulation Ecology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hare, M. & Deadman, P. (2004). Further towards a taxonomy of agent-based simulation models in environmental management. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, 64, 25–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Johst, K., Drechsler, M. & Wätzold, F. (2002). An ecological–economic modelling procedure to design compensation payments for the efficient spatio-temporal allocation of species protection measures. Ecological Economics, 41, 37–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Johst, K., Drechsler, M., Thomas, J.A., & Settele, J. (2006). Influence of mowing on the persistence of two endangered Large Blue (Maculinea) butterfly species. Journal of Applied Ecology, 43, 333–342.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Johst, K., Drechsler, M., Mewes, M., Sturm, A. & Wätzold, F. (2015). A novel modelling approach to evaluate the ecological effects of timing and location of conservation measures in grassland at the landscape scale. Biological Conservation, 182, 44–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kirkpatrick, S., Gelatt, C.D. & Vecchi, M.P. (1983). Optimization by simulated annealing. Science, 220(4598), 671–680.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kleijn, D. & Sutherland, W.J. (2003). How effective are European agri-environment schemes in conserving and promoting biodiversity? Journal of Applied Ecology, 40, 947–969.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kleijn, D., Rundlöf, M., Scheper, J., Smith, H.G. & Tscharntke, T. (2011). Does conservation on farmland contribute to halting the biodiversity decline? Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 26(9), 474–81.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kramer-Schadt, S., Revilla, E., Wiegand, T. & Breitenmoser, U. (2004). Fragmented landscapes, road mortality and patch connectivity: modelling dispersal for the Eurasian lynx in Germany. Journal of Applied Ecology, 41, 711–723.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lundin, O., Smith, H., Rundlöf, M. & Bommarco, R. (2013). When ecosystem services interact: crop pollination benefits depend on the level of pest control. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 280(1753), 2012.2243.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Mewes, M., Sturm, A., Johst, K., Drechsler, M. & Wätzold, F. (2012). Handbuch der Software Ecopay zur Bestimmung kosteneffizienter Ausgleichzahlungen für Maßnahmen zum Schutz gefährdeter Arten und Lebensraumtypen im Grünland. 1/2012, -152. Leipzig, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung GmbH-UFZ. UFZ-Bericht.Google Scholar

Mewes, M., Drechsler, M., Johst, K., Sturm, A. & Wätzold, F. (2015). A systematic approach for assessing spatially and temporally differentiated opportunity costs of biodiversity conservation measures in grasslands. Agricultural Systems, 137, 76–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Nelson, E., Polasky, S., Lewis, D.J., et al. (2008). Efficiency of incentives to jointly increase carbon sequestration and species conservation on a landscape. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 105, 9471–9476.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Parkhurst, G.M., Shogren, J.F., Bastian, P., et al. (2002). Agglomeration bonus: an incentive mechanism to reunite fragmented habitat for biodiversity conservation. Ecological Economics, 41, 305–328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Schrijver, A. (1998). Theory of Linear and Integer Programming. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons.Google Scholar

Tscharntke, T., Clough, Y., Wanger, T.C., et al. (2012). Global food security, biodiversity conservation and the future of agricultural intensification. Biological Conservation, 151, 51–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Voříšek, P., Jiguet, F., van Strien, A., et al. (2010). Trends in abundance and biomass of widespread European farmland birds: how much have we lost? BOU Proceedings – Lowland Farmland Birds III (www.bou.org.uk/bouproc-net/lfb3/vorisek-etal.pdf).Google Scholar

Vos, C.C., Berry, P., Opdam, P., et al. (2008). Adapting landscapes to climate change: examples of climate-proof ecosystem networks and priority adaptation zones. Journal of Applied Ecology, 45, 1722–1731.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Wätzold, F. & Drechsler, M. (2014). Agglomeration payment, agglomeration bonus or homogeneous payment? Resource and Energy Economics, 37, 85–101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Wätzold, F. & Schwerdtner, K. (2005). Why be wasteful when preserving a valuable resource? A review article on the cost-effectiveness of European conservation policy. Biological Conservation, 123, 327–338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Wätzold, F., Drechsler, M., Armstrong, C.W., et al. (2006). Ecological–economic modeling for biodiversity management: potential, pitfalls, prospects. Conservation Biology, 20(4), 1034–1041.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Wätzold, F., Drechsler, M., Johst, K., Mewes, M. & Sturm, A. (2016). A novel, spatiotemporally explicit ecological–economic modeling procedure for the design of cost-effective agri-environment schemes to conserve biodiversity. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 98(2), 489–512.CrossRefGoogle Scholar