Attention to both proto-global and local conditions brings people close to the notion of proto-glocalization. One way to assess proto-globalization during the Middle Millennium is to follow the changing balance between local structures and processes and regional and trans-regional ones as time passed by. This chapter focuses on the forces and movements of proto-globalization throughout the period, 500-1500 CE. At the beginning of the Middle Millennium the political situation of most of Afro-Eurasia was one of fragmentation. All across Afro-Eurasia the shape of education was transformed by the spread of Confucianism, Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity. Technologies for civil and military purposes, daily life, and the production of luxuries were also transferred across Afro-Eurasia. In both Mesoamerica and Afro-Eurasia the early part of the Middle Millennium saw the collapse of the largest political entities, political fragmentation, and decline in trade.