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THE DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF THE STIGMA OF ILLEGALITY AND MARGINALIZATION OF LATINXS (SIML) SCALE

Links to Psychological Distress

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 June 2021

Carlos E. Santos ,
Germán A. Cadenas ,
Cecilia Menjívar  and
Jesús Cisneros
Carlos E. Santos*
Affiliation:
Department of Social Welfare, University of California, Los Angeles
Germán A. Cadenas
Affiliation:
Department of Education and Human Services, Lehigh University
Cecilia Menjívar
Affiliation:
Department of Sociology, University of California, Los Angeles
Jesús Cisneros
Affiliation:
Department of Educational Leadership and Foundations, University of Texas, El Paso
*
Corresponding author: Carlos E. Santos, University of California, Los Angeles, Luskin School of Public Affairs, 3250 Public Affairs Building, Room 5232, Los Angeles, CA90095-1656. E-mail: santos@luskin.ucla.edu.
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Abstract

Drawing on two online studies among predominantly U.S.-born and lawful permanent resident Latinxs, we developed a self-report scale intended to capture how discrimination related to perceived legal status, as well as perceptions of racial/ethnic marginalization of Latinxs in U.S. society, are experienced among a wide swath of the Latinx population. We also explore how these processes may be associated with psychological distress in this population. In line with the immigration scholarship that has identified a spillover effect of immigration enforcement and the racialization of legal status beyond the undocumented population, our exploratory factor analysis results from Study I (N = 355 Latinxs) collected in fall of 2013 revealed four factors among our study population: Fear of Deportation, Marginalization of Latinxs in U.S. Society, Marginalization Due to Perceived Illegality, and Fear Due to Perceived Illegality. Results from a confirmatory factor analysis from a separate study conducted in spring of 2016 (Study II; N = 295 Latinxs) provided evidence in support of the structure identified in Study I. Results also revealed evidence of the association between the Stigma of Illegality and Marginalization of Latinxs (SIML) subscales and psychological distress, measured as anxiety and depression. Implications of these findings are discussed.

Keywords

Legal StatusImmigrationDiscriminationMental HealthLatinos/Latinas/LatinxsStigmaIllegality
Type
State of the Art
Information
Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race , Volume 18 , Issue 2 , Fall 2021 , pp. 321 - 345
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Hutchins Center for African and African American Research

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