We call a Gromov–Hausdorff limit of complete Riemannian manifolds with a lower bound of Ricci curvature a Ricci limit space. Furthermore, we prove that any Ricci limit space has integral Hausdorff dimension, provided that its Hausdorff dimension is not greater than 2. We also classify 1-dimensional Ricci limit spaces.

We construct distinctive surfaces of revolution with finite total curvature whose Gauss curvatures are not bounded. Such a surface of revolution is employed as a reference surface of comparison theorems in radial curvature geometry. Moreover, we prove that a complete noncompact Riemannian manifold M is homeomorphic to the interior of a compact manifold with boundary if the manifold M is not less curved than a noncompact model surface of revolution and if the total curvature of the model surface is finite and less than 2π. By the first result mentioned above, the second result covers a much wider class of manifolds than that of complete noncompact Riemannian manifolds whose sectional curvatures are bounded from below by a constant.

Let G be a finite group, and let k be a nonnegative integer. We say that G has uniform spread k if there exists a fixed conjugacy class C in G with the property that for any k nontrivial elements x1,…,xk in G there exists y ∊ C such that G = ‹xi,y› for all i. Further, the exact uniform spread of G, denoted by u(G), is the largest k such that G has the uniform spread k property. By a theorem of Breuer, Guralnick, and Kantor, u(G) ≥ 2 for every finite simple group G. Here we consider the uniform spread of almost simple linear groups. Our main theorem states that if G = ‹PSLn (q),g› is almost simple, then u(G) ≥ 2 (unless G ≅ S6), and we determine precisely when u(G) tends to infinity as |G| tends to infinity.

Let R be a perfect 𝔽-algebra equipped with the trivial norm. Let W(R) be the ring of p-typical Witt vectors over R equipped with the p-adic norm. At the level of nonarchimedean analytic spaces (in the sense of Berkovich), we demonstrate a close analogy between W(R) and the polynomial ring R[T] equipped with the Gauss norm, in which the role of the structure morphism from R to R[T] is played by the Teichmüller map. For instance, we show that the analytic space associated to R is a strong deformation retract of the space associated to W(R). We also show that each fiber forms a tree under the relation of pointwise comparison, and we classify the points of fibers in the manner of Berkovich’s classification of points of a nonarchimedean disk. Some results pertain to the study of p-adic representations of étale fundamental groups of nonarchimedean analytic spaces (i.e., relative p-adic Hodge theory).