In its Judgment of March 21, 1959, on the Preliminary Objections of the United States, the International Court of Justice held, by a vote of 9 to 6, that the Swiss application of October 2, 1957, requesting the Court to decide that the United States was under an obligation to restore the vested American assets of Interhandel or to submit the dispute to arbitration or conciliation, was inadmissible because Interhandel had not yet exhausted local remedies available in the United States courts.

Since the United Nations Emergency Force moved in and occupied the heights overlooking the Straits of Tiran, the Gulf of Aqaba has been quiet. Ships, including Israel flag ships, move freely in and out. The right of passage claimed by Israel and other states was discussed in the Security Council in 1954, in the International Law Commission in 1956, in the General Assembly in 1956-57, and again at the Geneva Conference on the Law of the Sea February 24-April 27, 1958, and will be analyzed here. It should be stated at the outset that Israel's boundaries, including the strip at the northern end of the Gulf of Aqaba, are not an issue here. Nor is the Arab claim that a state of war continues to exist pertinent in determining the legal status of the Gulf and the Straits, although it obviously has some bearing on the availability to Israel of the right of “innocent” passage.

Do states possess the right to seize evidence located within the territory of another, by forcible measures if necessary, if the object of this action is to procure the best evidence and thereby facilitate the task of an international tribunal in the decision of a dispute brought before it? In other words do states have the right to obtain discovery of evidence by intervention? This was one of the questions which the International Court of Justice was called upon to decide in the Corfu Channel Case.

After the second World War Poland concluded six bilateral treaties of alliance and became party to one multilateral treaty of alliance. The bilateral treaties are treaties of friendship and mutual assistance signed with the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Hungary and Rumania.

Admiralty—Jones Act—choice of law