This article explores the impact of Afrocubanismo on the development of Cuba’s arts during the 1940s and 1950s. The article follows the discursive output of artists, intellectuals, and cultural policymakers of different racial backgrounds over the deployment of lo negro to construct cubanidad. It argues that, if the 1920s and 1930s experienced a movement towards the construction of a homogeneous mestizo Cuba, the following decades reveal an effort by some artists to desyncretize lo cubano. While some intellectuals constructed notions of authenticity that circumscribed black art to black artists, many white Cuban artists in turn embraced elite Hispanic heritage as their main creative language while valorizing some Afro-Cuban artists’ recreations of lo negro. The article also demonstrates that the scholarly debates about cultural appropriation in recent decades have a long history within the Afro-Cuban community. It shows how Afro-Cuban artists and intellectuals pioneered arguments about the exploitative use of lo negro to make national art and the central role of culture in shaping racial inequality.

El trabajo trata cómo el zapatismo ha abordado estéticamente su proyecto político de transformación y a qué frutos estéticos ha llegado. Para ello se realiza una interpretación de cómo se ha creado y recreado la identidad zapatista a través del lenguaje visual de los 203 murales que están en los territorios donde se asientan los Municipios Autónomos Rebeldes Zapatistas, y cómo esta identidad interpela a la imaginería revolucionaria mexicana oficial y crea una nueva iconografía activista para sus bases y para el movimiento de solidaridad. El trabajo se inspira teóricamente en la obra de Geneviève Zubrzycki sobre creación y reestructuración iconográfica, y concluye que el muralismo zapatista tiene rasgos comunes fruto de una amalgama de concepciones no explicitadas de diversos sujetos externos e internos que han ido afrontando de diferentes maneras la vinculación entre arte y transformación social.

This essay discusses issues of time and temporality in relation to performance art from the Dominican Republic. It contends that Dominican performance artists are advancing critical understandings of what is to be contemporary. The essay considers the work of David Pérez “Karmadavis,” Sayuri Guzmán, and José Ramia as expressing the role of artists in defining and delving into what it means to make art in and of the present, while simultaneously challenging the presentist understanding of time linked to neoliberalism. From this perspective, the article examines the potential of performance art for criticizing and expanding our understanding of time and temporality.

La Revista de la Universidad Técnica del Estado (1969–1973) fue una publicación periódica de carácter académico que tuvo como objetivo difundir el proceso de transformación de esta casa de estudios gracias al movimiento de la Reforma Universitaria. Estuvo inmersa en la transición política del régimen demócrata cristiano de Eduardo Frei Montalva al programa de gobierno de carácter socialista de Salvador Allende. Su producción editorial e impresión estuvo a cargo de la Editorial UTE y el Taller Gráfico UTE respectivamente, áreas de trabajo relacionadas a la labor de extensión de la universidad. Este artículo pretende establecer un diálogo entre esta publicación y su contexto político-educativo, por medio de la revisión de su variedad temática, autoral y formatos de escritura. Finalmente, se busca visibilizar las dinámicas y experiencias del trabajo de diseño de la revista, a través del análisis de su producción visual (portadas y portadillas gráficas) y el rescate testimonial de integrantes del grupo de diseñadores responsables de cada ejemplar, información inédita hasta el momento.

Centrándose en Brasil, este artículo examina los mecanismos coloniales de imposición de la identidad y estética hegemónicas que ocasionaron la invisibilización y silenciamiento de historias y saberes de los grupos colonizados ubicados en situación marginal. Se propone que, como respuesta a este proceso, las identidades marginadas utilizan herramientas insertadas en la estrategia decolonial —desprendimiento y desobediencia— para transgredir la lógica normativa hegemónica en la elaboración de su producción cultural. El texto analiza artistas, obras, acciones y eventos brasileños recientes que, mediante sus poéticas lograron pervertir y concienciar hacia la epistemología impuesta por la colonialidad. Se estudian propuestas transgresoras que se filtraron en las instituciones legitimadas, como las obras de Rosana Paulino, Denilson Baniwa o la exposición Queermuseu, así como otra nacida fuera de los límites institucionales —la pixação— que, debido a su fricción con el modelo social normativo, escapa a cualquier imposición reglamentaria.

In March 2015, a group of feminist writers and academics in Argentina organized a marathon reading event to protest femicide, using the slogan “Ni Una Menos.” Less than three months later, more than 250,000 Argentines participated in the first #NiUnaMenos demonstration in Buenos Aires. Since then, #NiUnaMenos has transformed into a transnational feminist movement and has shifted the conversation about gender violence in digital and physical spaces. Drawing from critical discourse analysis and feminist theory, this article examines the discursive strategies employed by #NiUnaMenos. It analyzes key texts from the months leading up to the first demonstration and argues that these texts were strategically constructed as “sites of struggle” in order to reach diverse groups. The analysis reveals four discursive dichotomies in which the movement’s discourse oscillates between seemingly opposing ideas and channels. This discursive oscillation allowed #NiUnaMenos to reach the masses and, in turn, spark a cultural shift toward gender equality.

Este artículo analiza las representaciones centradas en la víctima del conflicto armado interno peruano que propone el documental Tempestad en los Andes (2014), de Mikael Wiström. A partir de este objeto cultural, se examinan las limitaciones y posibilidades que presenta la memoria victimista en el posconflicto peruano. El análisis parte de los significados contrapuestos que el filme articula para Augusta La Torre (líder de Sendero Luminoso) y Claudio Gonzales (estudiante universitario desaparecido). Por un lado, se reflexiona sobre el posicionamiento reconciliador que esta película sostiene en torno a la búsqueda de una víctima neutral merecedora de compasión, la reconstitución de un supuesto mundo andino devastado por la guerra y el énfasis identificatorio con el sufrimiento padecido. Esta interpretación del pasado reciente fuerza una reconciliación (un perdón normalizante) que no permite comprender las complejidades surgidas y, por el contrario, las sutura en vías de alcanzar una cura y unificación del cuerpo social fragmentado con la guerra. Sin embargo, por otro lado, también se analizan las posibilidades de reconocimiento, esas renegociaciones y apropiaciones que suceden desde los márgenes de este proyecto audiovisual: una reivindicación, breve pero real, que intenta reparar el olvido.

This research note outlines the current state of preservation and accessibility of an audiovisual document that contains complete video footage of the Trial of the Argentine Military Junta, whose verdict in 1985 found the accused guilty of crimes against humanity perpetrated during the last military dictatorship in Argentina (1976–1983).The project of digitization is the result of a joint effort by the University of Salamanca, the Argentine human rights organization Memoria Abierta, and the judges involved in the case, with the support of the Argentine Cámara Nacional de Apelaciones en lo Criminal y Correccional Federal. Its two main objectives are to preserve and provide open access to the audiovisual document. To date only digitized preservation has been attained, a nonetheless remarkable achievement. Despite legislation dates enforcing the protection of the parties involved in the trial, and the absence of legal constraints, open access to the document has not been obtained.

Prior research has argued that public subsidies for parties matter for explaining electoral volatility, but the empirical results have been inconclusive. This article addresses this puzzle by examining how different rules for direct state funding affect different types of electoral volatility, using data from lower chamber elections in eighteen Latin American countries from 1978 through 2014. Focusing on volatility caused by new party entry and old party exit (party replacement volatility) and volatility caused by vote switching among existing parties (stable party volatility), it finds that countries with less strict eligibility thresholds for party subsidies tend to have lower levels of party replacement volatility. However, the empirical analysis does not provide sufficient evidence that the eligibility thresholds for party subsidies matter for predicting stable party volatility. Overall, this article suggests that less strict eligibility thresholds for party subsidies help produce stable party systems by reducing risks associated with party replacement volatility.

Studies of how previous political experience affects a candidate’s electoral success have overlooked the experience that candidates get from running campaigns even if they lose. This article argues that experience running for office, whether successfully or unsuccessfully, could give candidates several benefits, such as expertise in running strong campaigns, a network of connections, and visibility among the electorate. As a result, candidate experience, not just office-holding experience, should be positively correlated with electoral success. The article tests this expectation in Brazil using a database of candidates for seven types of elected offices between 1998 and 2018. It finds that candidates who ran for, but lost, elected offices are more likely to win when they run in future elections for the same and lower-ranked offices, compared to candidates with no experience running for office. Thus, candidate experience, not just office-holding experience, is important for explaining electoral success in politics.

This essay reviews the following works:

• Memory’s Turn: Reckoning with Dictatorship in Brazil. By Rebecca J. Atencio. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2014. Pp. xviii + 144. $26.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780299297244.

• Human Rights Policies in Chile: The Unfinished Struggle for Truth and Justice. By Silvia Borzutzky. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017. Pp. 242. $119.99 paperback. ISBN: 9783319536965.

• Intermittences: Memory, Justice, and the Poetics of the Visible in Uruguay. By Ana Forcinito. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2018. Pp. xii + 257. $29.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780822965664.

• Democratization and Memories of Violence: Ethnic Minority Rights Movements in Mexico, Turkey, and El Salvador. By Mneesha Gellman. London: Routledge, 2016. Pp. xv + 242. $52.95 paperback. ISBN: 9781138597686.

• Reagan’s Gun-Toting Nuns: The Catholic Conflict over Cold War Human Rights Policy in Central America. By Theresa Keeley. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2020. Pp. xiv + 352. $49.95 hardcover. ISBN: 9781501750755.

• Sovereign Emergencies: Latin America and the Making of Global Human Rights Politics. By Patrick William Kelly. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2018. Pp. xx + 318. $29.99 paperback. ISBN: 9781316615119.

• The Brazilian Truth Commission: Local, National and Global Perspectives. Edited by Nina Schneider. New York: Berghahn, 2019. Pp. 382. $135.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9781789200034.

• Phenomenal Justice: Violence and Morality in Argentina. By Eva van Roekel. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2020. Pp. 208. $32.95 paperback. ISBN: 9781978800267.

• Los pelotones de la muerte: La construcción de los perpetradores del genocidio guatemalteco. By Manolo E. Vela Castañeda. México, DF: Colegio de México, 2015. Pp. 454. $32.03 paperback. ISBN: 9786074623680.

• Acts of Repair: Justice, Truth, and the Politics of Memory in Argentina. By Natasha Zaretsky. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2020. Pp. 252. $34.95 paperback. ISBN: 9781978807426.

This essay reviews the following works:

• Historia política de Chile, 1810–2010. Tomo I: Prácticas políticas. Edited by Iván Jaksić and Juan Luis Ossa. Santiago de Chile: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2014. Pp. 508. $280.00 MXN, paperback. ISBN: 9789562891653.

• Historia política de Chile, 1810–2010. Tomo II: Estado y sociedad. Edited by Iván Jaksić and Francisca Rengifo. Santiago de Chile: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2017. Pp. 476. $470.00 MXN, paperback. ISBN: 9789562891691.

• Historia política de Chile, 1810–2010. Tomo III: Problemas económicos. Edited by Iván Jaksić, Andrés Estefane, and Claudio Robles. Santiago de Chile: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2018. Pp. 443. $430.00 MXN, paperback. ISBN: 9789562891776.

• Historia política de Chile, 1810–2010. Tomo IV: Intelectuales y pensamiento político. Edited by Iván Jaksić and Susana Gazmuri. Santiago de Chile: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2018. Pp. 338. $440.00 MXN, paperback. ISBN: 9789562891837.

• Revolutionizing Repertoires: The Rise of Populist Mobilization in Peru. By Robert S. Jansen. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2017. Pp. xviii + 288. $37.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780226487441.

• Campaigns and Voters in Developing Democracies: Argentina in Comparative Perspective. Edited by Noam Lupu, Virginia Oliveros, and Luis Schiumerini. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2019. Pp. xiv + 298. $80.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780472131280.

• Electoral Rules and Democracy in Latin America. By Cynthia McClintock. New York: Oxford University Press, 2018. Pp. xi + 336. $38.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780190879761.

• Why Bother with Elections? By Adam Przeworski. Cambridge: Polity, 2018. Pp. 210. $15.50 paperback. ISBN: 9781509526604.

• Política latinoamericana contemporánea. Edited by Godofredo Vidal de la Rosa. Mexico City: Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, 2017. Pp. 713. Paperback. ISBN: 9786072811225.

• Conservative Parties and the Birth of Democracy. By Daniel Ziblatt. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2017. Pp. xvi + 448. $32.99 paperback. ISBN: 9780521172998.

This essay reviews the following works:

• The Gray Zones of Medicine: Healers and History in Latin America. Edited by Diego Armus and Pablo F. Gómez. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2021. Pp. 262. $55.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780822946854.

• Compound Remedies: Galenic Pharmacy from the Ancient Mediterranean to New Spain. By Paula S. De Vos. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2020. Pp. xiv + 352. $50.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780822946496.

• For All of Humanity: Mesoamerican and Colonial Medicine in Enlightenment Guatemala. By Martha Few. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2015. Pp. x + 304. $34.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780816531875.

• The Experiential Caribbean: Creating Knowledge and Healing in the Early Modern Atlantic. By Pablo F. Gómez. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2017. Pp. xix + 314. $29.95 paperback. ISBN: 9781469630878.

• Plagues upon the Earth: Disease and the Course of Human History. By Kyle Harper. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2021. Pp. x + 704. $35.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780691192123.

• Carving a Niche: The Medical Profession in Mexico, 1800–1870. By Luz María Hernández Sáenz. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2018. Pp. xix + 376. $38.22 paperback. ISBN: 9780773553026.

• Enlightened Immunity: Mexico’s Experiments with Disease Prevention in the Age of Reason. By Paul Ramírez. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2018. Pp. xi + 376. $70.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9781503604339.

• Mexico in the Time of Cholera. By Donald Fithian Stevens. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2019. Pp. ix + 328. $34.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780826360557.

• An Imperative to Cure: Principles and Practice of Q’eqchi’ Maya Medicine in Belize. By James B. Waldram. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2020. Pp. xvi + 288. $84.80 hardcover. ISBN: 9780826361738.

• Death Is All around Us: Corpses, Chaos, and Public Health in Porfirian Mexico City. By Jonathan M. Weber. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2019. Pp. xiii + 294. $30.00 paperback. ISBN: 9781496213440.

This essay reviews the following works:

• Matters of Justice: Pueblos, the Judiciary, and Agrarian Reform in Revolutionary Mexico. By Helga Baitenmann. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2020. Pp. xvi + 326. $35.00 paperback. ISBN: 9781496219480.

• Pueblos en tiempos de guerra: La formación de la nación en México, Argentina y Brasil (1800–1920). Edited by Romana Falcón and Raymond Buve. Mexico City: El Colegio de México, 2017. Pp. 242. Mex$180 paperback. ISBN: 9786076281307.

• State Formation in the Liberal Era: Capitalisms and Claims of Citizenship in Mexico and Peru. Edited by Ben Fallaw and David Nugent. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2020. Pp. xxv + 334. $60.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780816540389.

• Heroes, Martyrs, and Political Messiahs in Revolutionary Cuba, 1946–1958. By Lillian Guerra. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2018. Pp. 384. $40.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780300175530.

• In the Vortex of Violence: Lynching, Extralegal Justice, and the State in Post-Revolutionary Mexico. By Gema Kloppe-Santamaría. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2020. Pp. xvi + 213. $34.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780520344037.

• The Injustice Never Leaves You: Anti-Mexican Violence in Texas. By Monica Muñoz Martinez. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2018. Pp. 400. $37.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780674976436.

• A Revolution Unfinished: The Chegomista Rebellion and the Limits of Revolutionary Democracy in Juchitán, Oaxaca. By Colby Ristow. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2018. Pp viii + 312. $50.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9781496203656.

• Fields of Revolution: Agrarian Reform and Rural State Formation in Bolivia, 1935–1964. By Carmen Soliz. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2021. Pp. 280. $50.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780822946656.

This essay reviews the following works:

• The World Come of Age: An Intellectual History of Liberation Theology. By Lilian Calles Barger. New York: Oxford University Press, 2018. Pp. x + 376. $34.95 hardcover. ISBN: 9780190695392.

• The Latino Christ in Art, Literature, and Liberation Theology. By Michael R. Candelaria. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2018. Pp. 248. $65.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780826358790.

• Óscar Romero’s Theological Vision: Liberation and the Transfiguration of the Poor. By Edgardo Colón-Emeric. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 2018. Pp. xvi + 400. $39.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780268104733.

• La guerra por otros medios: Comunicación insurgente y proceso revolucionario en El Salvador (1970–1992). By Eudald Cortina Orero. San Salvador: UCA Editores, 2017. Pp. 563. $13.00. ISBN: 9789996110375.

• Ixcán: Pastoral de acompañamiento en área de guerra, Guatemala 1981–1987. By Ricardo Falla. Vol. 5, part 1 of Al atardecer de la vida. Guatemala: Asociación para el Avance de las Ciencias Sociales en Guatemala, 2017. ISBN: 9789929663015.

• Las lógicas del genocidio guatemalteco: Febrero 1982 a agosto 1983. By Ricardo Falla. Vol. 6 of Al atardecer de la vida. Guatemala: Asociación para el Avance de las Ciencias Sociales en Guatemala, 2018. ISBN: 9789929663015.

• What You Have Heard Is True: A Memoir of Witness and Resistance. By Carolyn Forché. New York: Penguin, 2020. Pp. 400. $18.00 paperback. ISBN: 9780525560395.

• Caribbean Revolutions: Cold War Armed Movements. By Rachel A. May, Alejandro Schneider, and Roberto González Arana. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018. Pp. 174. $24.99 paperback. ISBN: 9781108440905.

• After Insurgency: Revolution and Electoral Politics in El Salvador. By Ralph Sprenkels. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 2018. Pp ix + 484. $50.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780268103255.

• Blood in the Fields: Óscar Romero, Catholic Social Teaching, and Land Reform. By Matthew Philipp Whelan. Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 2020. Pp. 336. $65.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780813232522.