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Morphometrical and molecular evidence suggests cryptic diversity among hookworms (Nematoda: Uncinaria) that parasitize pinnipeds from the south-eastern Pacific coasts

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 November 2018

M.T. González Open the ORCID record for M.T. González [Opens in a new window] ,
Z. López ,
J.J. Nuñez ,
K.I. Calderón-Mayo ,
C. Ramírez ,
D. Morgades ,
H. Katz ,
M. George-Nascimento  and
H. Pavés
M.T. González*
Affiliation:
Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Alexander von Humboldt, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos, Universidad de Antofagasta, Angamos 601-Antofagasta, Chile
Z. López
Affiliation:
Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Alexander von Humboldt, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos, Universidad de Antofagasta, Angamos 601-Antofagasta, Chile Programa Doctorado en Ciencias m/Ecología y Evolución, Universidad de Chile, Av. Las Palmeras, Santiago, Chile
J.J. Nuñez
Affiliation:
Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile
K.I. Calderón-Mayo
Affiliation:
Programa Magíster en Ecología de Sistemas Acuáticos, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos, Universidad de Antofagasta, Angamos 601-Antofagasta, Chile
C. Ramírez
Affiliation:
Depto de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
D. Morgades
Affiliation:
Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Av. Alberto Lasplaces 1550, CP 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
H. Katz
Affiliation:
Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Av. Alberto Lasplaces 1550, CP 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
M. George-Nascimento
Affiliation:
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Ssma Concepción, Concepción, Chile
H. Pavés
Affiliation:
Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Los Carrera 753, Osorno, Chile
*
Author for correspondence: M.T. González, Fax.: 56-9-552637521, E-mail: teresa.gonzalez@uantof.cl
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Abstract

Hookworms of the genus Uncinaria parasitize pinniped pups in various locations worldwide. Four species have been described, two of which parasitize pinniped pups in the southern hemisphere: Uncinaria hamiltoni parasitizes Otaria flavescens and Arctocephalus australis from the South American coast, and Uncinaria sanguinis parasitizes Neophoca cinerea from the Australian coast. However, their geographical ranges and host specificity are unknown. Uncinaria spp. are morphologically similar, but molecular analyses have allowed the recognition of new species in the genus Uncinaria. We used nuclear genetic markers (internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) rDNA) and a mitochondrial genetic marker (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI)) to evaluate the phylogenetic relationships of Uncinaria spp. parasitizing A. australis and O. flavescens from South American coasts (Atlantic and Pacific coasts). We compared our sequences with published Uncinaria sequences. A Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC) analysis was also used to delimit species, and principal component analysis was used to compare morphometry among Uncinaria specimens. Parasites were sampled from A. australis from Peru (12°S), southern Chile (42°S), and the Uruguayan coast, and from O. flavescens from northern Chile (24°S) and the Uruguayan coast. Morphometric differences were observed between Uncinaria specimens from both South American coasts and between Uncinaria specimens from A. australis in Peru and southern Chile. Phylogenetic and GMYC analyses suggest that south-eastern Pacific otariid species harbour U. hamiltoni and an undescribed putative species of Uncinaria. However, more samples from A. australis and O. flavescens are necessary to understand the phylogenetic patterns of Uncinaria spp. across the South Pacific.

Type
Research Paper
Information
Journal of Helminthology , Volume 94 , 2020 , e8
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2018 

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