Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-pftt2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-13T22:41:15.629Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Doing and feeling together in older age: self-worth and belonging through social creative activities

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 November 2021

Emma H. Wood*
Affiliation:
School of Events, Tourism and Hospitality Management, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
Allan Jepson
Affiliation:
Marketing and Enterprise Department, Hertfordshire Business School, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
Raphaela Stadler
Affiliation:
Marketing and Enterprise Department, Hertfordshire Business School, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
*
*Corresponding author. Email: e.wood@leedsbeckett.ac.uk

Abstract

The potential for art activities to help in alleviating loneliness is explored through a focus on older women's regular attendance at creative social activities. We apply the concept of perceived emotional synchrony to understand how weekly craft group sessions enable feelings of belonging and self-worth to develop in older women. Using a multi-site six-month study of 62 women aged 70+ attending social creative activities, our multi-stage research design captures the experiences of these women through observation and narrative group discussions held weekly. Our findings show that feelings of belonging and self-worth developed over a relatively short time. In particular, social integration and identity fusion were found to occur as a result of the emotional synchrony engendered via a regular shared activity, out of the home, and requiring some challenge and creativity. We propose a virtuous cycle model to explain the value in such activities and discuss the wider implications for wellbeing in older age. Perceived emotional synchrony has not been used before to explore the mechanisms through which social creative activities form lasting benefits for older women. Our research highlights the importance of feeling at one with others in improving feelings of belonging and self-worth and indicates how a variety of social creative experiences could be designed to enable this.

Type
Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bastiaansen, M, Lub, XD, Mitas, O, Jung, TH, Ascenção, MP, Han, DI and Strijbosch, W (2019) Emotions as core building blocks of an experience. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 31, 651668.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bazeley, P (2007) Qualitative Data Analysis with NVivo. London: Sage.Google Scholar
Bennington, R, Backos, A, Harrison, J, Reader, AE and Carolan, R (2016) Art therapy in art museums: promoting social connectedness and psychological well-being of older adults. The Arts in Psychotherapy 49, 3443.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cantu, AG and Fleuriet, KJ (2018) ‘Making the ordinary more extraordinary’: exploring creativity as a health promotion practice among older adults in a community-based professionally taught arts program. Journal of Holistic Nursing 36, 123133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carnwath, JD and Brown, AS (2014) Understanding the Value & Impacts of Cultural Experiences. Manchester, UK: Arts Council England.Google Scholar
Carter, P and Everitt, A (1998) Conceptualising practice with older people: friendship and conversation. Ageing & Society 18, 7999.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carù, A and Cova, B (2015) Co-creating the collective service experience. Journal of Service Management 26, 276294.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chapin Stephenson, R (2013) Promoting well-being and gerotranscendence in an art therapy program for older adults. Art Therapy 30, 151158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chaudhury, H and Oswald, F (2019) Advancing understanding of person–environment interaction in later life: one step further. Journal of Aging Studies 51, 100821.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Collins, R (1984) The role of emotion in social structure. In Scherer, KR and Ekman, P (eds), Approaches to Emotion. New York, NY: Psychology Press, pp. 385396.Google Scholar
Cutler, D (2012) Tackling Loneliness in Older Age: The Role of the Arts. London: Baring Foundation.Google Scholar
Dahlberg, L, Andersson, L, McKee, KJ and Lennartsson, C (2015) Predictors of loneliness among older women and men in Sweden: a national longitudinal study. Aging & Mental Health 19, 409417.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davidson, S and Rossall, P (2014) Age UK Evidence Review on Loneliness. London: Age UK. Available at http://www.ageuk.org.uk/documents/.Google Scholar
Durkheim, E (1912) Les Formes Élémentaires de la Vie Religieuse [The Elementary Forms of Religious Life]. Paris: Alcan Kahneman.Google Scholar
Fisher, BJ and Specht, DK (1999) Successful aging and creativity in later life. Journal of Aging Studies 13, 457472.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foster, L and Walker, A (2013) Gender and active ageing in Europe. European Journal of Ageing 10, 310.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gallistl, V (in press) What's it worth? Value and valuation of late-life creativity. Ageing & Society. Available online doi:10.1017/S0144686X20000495.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gendron, M and Barrett, LF (2018) Emotion perception as conceptual synchrony. Emotion Review 10, 101110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gentile, C, Spiller, N and Noci, G (2007) How to sustain the customer experience: an overview of experience components that co-create value with the customer. European Management Journal 25, 395410.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibson, H, Ashton-Shaeffer, C, Green, J and Autry, C (2003) Leisure in the lives of retirement-aged women: conversations about leisure and life. Leisure/Loisir 28, 203230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greaves, CJ and Farbus, L (2006) Effects of creative and social activity on the health and well-being of socially isolated older people: outcomes from a multi-method observational study. Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health 126, 134142.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hammond, M (2006) Evolutionary theory and emotions. In Stets, JE and Turner, JH (eds), Handbook of the Sociology of Emotions. Boston, MA: Springer, pp. 368385.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hatfield, E, Cacioppo, JT and Rapson, RL (1993) Emotional contagion. Current Directions in Psychological Science 2, 96100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henderson, KA and Gibson, HJ (2013) An integrative review of women, gender, and leisure: increasing complexities. Journal of Leisure Research 45, 115135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hennessy, C and Means, R (2018) Connectivity of older people in rural areas. In Walker, A (ed.), The New Dynamics of Ageing. Bristol, UK: Policy Press, pp. 147166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hennessy, CH and Walker, A (2011) Promoting multi-disciplinary and inter-disciplinary ageing research in the United Kingdom. Ageing & Society 31, 5269.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hirst, W and Echterhoff, G (2008) Creating shared memories in conversation: toward a psychology of collective memory. Social Research 75, 183216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jenkins, A and Mostafa, T (2015) The effects of learning on wellbeing for older adults in England. Ageing & Society 35, 20532070.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jose, JP and Cherayi, S (2016) Age identity, social exclusion and wellbeing: implications for elder inclusive societies. Indian Journal of Gerontology 30, 143167.Google Scholar
Joseph, D and Southcott, J (2019) Meanings of leisure for older people: an Australian study of line dancing. Leisure Studies 38, 7487.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keisari, S, Feniger-Schaal, R, Palgi, Y, Golland, Y, Gesser-Edelsburg, A and Ben-David, B (2020) Synchrony in old age: playing the mirror game improves cognitive performance. Clinical Gerontologist. doi: 10.1080/07317115.2020.1799131.Google ScholarPubMed
Krueger, J (2015) The Affective ‘We’: Self-regulation and Shared Emotions. New York, NY: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liddle, JL, Parkinson, L and Sibbritt, DW (2013) Purpose and pleasure in late life: conceptualising older women's participation in art and craft activities. Journal of Aging Studies 27, 330338.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Losada, N, Alén, E, Domínguez, T and Nicolau, JL (2016) Travel frequency of senior tourists. Tourism Management 53, 8895.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maidment, J and Macfarlane, S (2009) Craft groups: sites of friendship, empowerment, belonging and learning for older women. Groupwork 19, 1025.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maidment, J and Macfarlane, S (2011) Crafting communities: promoting inclusion, empowerment, and learning between older women. Australian Social Work 64, 283298.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Massey, B, Edwards, AV and Musikanski, L (2021) Life satisfaction, affect, and belonging in older adults. Applied Research in Quality of Life 16, 12051219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McDonald, M, Porat, R, Yarkoney, A, Reifen Tagar, M, Kimel, S, Saguy, T and Halperin, E (2017) Intergroup emotional similarity reduces dehumanization and promotes conciliatory attitudes in prolonged conflict. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 20, 125136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moody, E and Phinney, A (2012) A community-engaged art program for older people: fostering social inclusion. Canadian Journal on Aging/La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 31, 5564.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morgan, N, Pritchard, A and Sedgley, D (2015) Social tourism and well-being in later life. Annals of Tourism Research 52, 115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murray, M and Crummett, A (2010) ‘I don't think they knew we could do these sorts of things’ – social representations of community and participation in community arts by older people. Journal of Health Psychology 15, 777785.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Narushima, M, Liu, J and Diestelkamp, N (2018) Lifelong learning in active ageing discourse: its conserving effect on wellbeing, health and vulnerability. Ageing & Society 38, 651675.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ni, Y, Tein, JY, Zhang, M, Zhen, F, Huang, F, Huang, Y and Mei, J (2020) The need to belong: a parallel process latent growth curve model of late life negative affect and cognitive function. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 89, 104049.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nicholson, NR (2012) A review of social isolation: an important but underassessed condition in older adults. Journal of Primary Prevention 33, 137152.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nimrod, G (2007) Retirees’ leisure: activities, benefits, and their contribution to life satisfaction. Leisure Studies 26, 6580.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Noice, T, Noice, H and Kramer, AF (2014) Participatory arts for older adults: a review of benefits and challenges. The Gerontologist 54, 741753.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O'Shea, E and Leime, ÁN (2012) The impact of the Bealtaine arts programme on the quality of life, wellbeing and social interaction of older people in Ireland. Ageing & Society 32, 851872.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Páez, D, Rimé, B, Basabe, N, Wlodarczyk, A and Zumeta, L (2015) Psychosocial effects of perceived emotional synchrony in collective gatherings. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 108, 711729.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Patterson, I (2006) Growing Older: Tourism and Leisure Behaviour of Older Adults. Wallingford, UK: CABI.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pinel, EC, Long, AE, Landau, MJ, Alexander, K and Pyszczynski, T (2006) Seeing I to I: a pathway to interpersonal connectedness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 90, 243257.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Price, KA and Tinker, AM (2014) Creativity in later life. Maturitas 78, 281286.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ravary, A, Stewart, EK and Baldwin, MW (2020) Insecurity about getting old: age-contingent self-worth, attentional bias, and well-being. Aging & Mental Health 24, 16361644.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rimé, B (2007) The social sharing of emotion as an interface between individual and collective processes in the construction of emotional climates. Journal of Social Issues 63, 307322.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rimé, B (2017) The social sharing of emotion in interpersonal and in collective situations. In Holyst, JA (ed.), Cyberemotions: Collective Emotions in Cyberspace. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing, pp. 5369.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rokach, A (2018) The effect of gender and culture on loneliness: a mini review. Emerging Science Journal 2, 5964.Google Scholar
Ross, GF (2005) Senior tourists’ sociability and travel preparation. Tourism Review 60, 615.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rossall, P, Iparraguirre, J and Davidson, S (2015) Loneliness at Local and Neighbourhood Level. Summary July 2015. Age UK. Available at https://www.ageuk.org.uk/Documents/EN-GB/For-professionals/Research/Age_UK_loneliness_risk_index_summary-(July2015).pdf?dtrk=true.Google Scholar
Russell, C (1987) Ageing as a feminist issue. Women's Studies International Forum 1, 125132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salmela, M (2012) Shared emotions. Philosophical Explorations 15, 3346.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schatzki, T (2015) Art bundles. In Zembylas, T (ed.), Artistic Practices: Social Interactions and Cultural Dynamics. Abingdon, UK: Routledge, pp. 1731.Google Scholar
Scheler, M ([1913] 1970) The Nature of Sympathy. Trans. Hamden, Heath P., CT: Archon Books.Google Scholar
Schmid, HB (2009) Plural Action: Essays in Philosophy and Social Science. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Small, J (2003) The voices of older women tourists. Tourism Recreation Research 28, 3139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, JA, Flowers, P and Larkin, M (2009) Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis: Theory, Method and Research. London: Sage.Google Scholar
Stadler, R, Jepson, A and Wood, E (2020) The benefits of events in older life. In Page, S and Connell, J (eds), The Routledge Handbook of Events, 2nd Edn. Abingdon, UK: Routledge, pp. 525539.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sutherland, L, Dunkle, RE, Pace, GT, Kennedy, A and Baldwin, P (2019) An acting and improv class: well-being and community belonging for older African Americans in low-income housing. Innovation in Aging 3, supplement 1, S144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Torres, EN (2016) Guest interactions and the formation of memorable experiences: an ethnography. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 28, 21322155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
von Scheve, C and Ismer, S (2013) Towards a theory of collective emotions. Emotion Review 5, 406413.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
von Scheve, C and Salmela, M (eds) (2014) Collective Emotions: Perspectives from Psychology, Philosophy, and Sociology (Series in Affective Science). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Włodarczyk, A, Zumeta, L, Pizarro, JJ, Bouchat, P, Hatibovic, F, Basabe, N and Rimé, B (2020) Perceived emotional synchrony in collective gatherings: validation of a short scale and proposition of an integrative measure. Frontiers in Psychology 11, 1721.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, EH (2020) I remember how we all felt: perceived emotional synchrony through tourist memory sharing. Journal of Travel Research 59, 13391352.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, EH and Dashper, K (2021) ‘Purposeful togetherness’: theorising gender and ageing through creative events. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 29(11-12), 20082024.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, EH and Kenyon, AJ (2018) Remembering together: the importance of shared emotional memory in event experiences. Event Management 22, 163181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, E, Jepson, A and Stadler, R (2018) Understanding the wellbeing potential of participatory arts events for the over 70s: a conceptual framework and research agenda. Event Management 22, 10831101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woosnam, KM (2011) Testing a model of Durkheim's theory of emotional solidarity among residents of a tourism community. Journal of Travel Research 50, 546558.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zumeta, LN, Oriol, X, Telletxea, S, Amutio, A and Basabe, N (2016) Collective efficacy in sports and physical activities: perceived emotional synchrony and shared flow. Frontiers in Psychology 6, 1960.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed