Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-r6qrq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T15:13:15.568Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Household composition and the dynamics of community-based social care in England

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 March 2019

José Iparraguirre*
Affiliation:
Age UK, London, UK Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain*

Abstract

Little is known about the dynamic relationship between the different funding sources of community-based social care in England. Using Waves 2–6 (2004–2013) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing survey, I estimated dynamic multi-level cross-classified mixed-effects logistic regression models to investigate whether receiving services by one source is more or less likely if an older person was already receiving services funded by the same source or another in the previous period. Four hypotheses between formal privately and publicly funded help and informal help are tested: substitution, complementarity, compensation and task-specificity. I also report evidence that older people on low incomes residing in local authorities that reduce social care spending are especially affected.

Type
Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

This article was originally published without acknowledgement of the author's second affiliation to UNED. This has been corrected and a corrigendum published.

References

Age UK (2016) Pension Credit (Factsheet 48). London: Age UK.Google Scholar
Asthana, S, Gibson, A, Moon, G and Brigham, P (2003) Allocating resources for health and social care: the significance of rurality. Health and Social Care in the Community 11, 486493.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bibby, P and Brindley, P (2016) Urban and Rural Classification of English Local Authority Districts and Similar Geographical Units in England: Methodology. London: Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs.Google Scholar
Βörsch-Supan, A, Kotlikoff, L and Morris, J (1991) The dynamics of living arrangements of the elderly. In Pacolet, J and Wilderon, C (eds), The Economics of Care of the Elderly. Aldershot: UK: Avebury, pp. 114135.Google Scholar
Box-Steffensmeier, J, Freeman, J, Hitt, M and Pevehouse, J (2014) Time Series Analysis for the Social Sciences. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Byrne, D, Goeree, M, Heidemann, B and Stern, S (2009) Formal home health care, informal care, and family decision-making. International Economic Review 50, 12051242.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carers UK (2017) Budget Submission 2017. London: Carers UK.Google Scholar
Checkovich, T and Stern, S (2002) Shared caregiving responsibilities of adult siblings with elderly parents. Journal of Human Resources 37, 441478.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Department for Communities and Local Government (2015) The English Indices of Deprivation 2015. London: Department for Communities and Local Government.Google Scholar
Dostie, B and Léger, PT (2005) The living arrangement dynamics of sick, elderly individuals. Journal of Human Resources 40, 9891014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fernández, J, Snell, T and Wistow, G (2013) Changes in the patterns of social care provision in England: 2005/6 to 2012/13. Personal Social Services Research Unit, University of Kent and London School of Economics, PSSRU Discussion Paper 2867.Google Scholar
Garber, A and MaCurdy, T (1990) Predicting nursing home utilization among the high-risk elderly. In Wise, D (ed.), Issues in Economics of Aging. Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press, pp. 173200.Google Scholar
Goeree Sovinsky, M and Stern, S (2016) Dynamic modelling of long-term care decisions. Review of Economics of the Household 14, 463488.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hagenaars, A, De Vos, K and Zaidi, A (1994) Poverty Statistics in the Late 1980s. Luxembourg: Eurostat.Google Scholar
Hancock, R, Comas-Herrera, A, Wittenberg, R and Pickard, L (2003) Who will pay for long-term care in the UK? Projections linking macro- and micro-simulation models. Fiscal Studies 24, 387426.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Health and Social Care Information Centre (HSCIC) (2014) Community Care Statistics, Social Services Activity, England. 2013–14, Final Release: Annex E – National Tables. Leeds, UK: HSCIC.Google Scholar
Heckman, J (1981 a) The incidental parameters problem and the problem of initial conditions in estimating a discrete time-discrete data stochastic process. In Manski, C and McFadden, D (eds), Structural Analysis of Discrete Data with Econometric Applications. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, pp. 179195.Google Scholar
Heckman, J (1981 b) Statistical models for discrete panel data. In Manski, C and McFadden, D (eds), Structural Analysis of Discrete Data with Econometric Applications. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, pp. 114178.Google Scholar
Heidemann, B, Goeree Sovinsky, M and Stern, S (2018) Will you still want me tomorrow? The dynamics of families’ long-term care arrangements. Journal of Human Resources 53, 663716.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hindle, T, Hindle, G and Spollen, M (2009) Travel-related costs of population dispersion in the provision of domiciliary care to the elderly: a case study in English local authorities. Health Services Management Research 22, 2732.Google ScholarPubMed
Iparraguirre, J (2017) Reductions in local government spending on community-based social care and unmet social care needs of older people in England. Journal of the Economics of Ageing (in press). Available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeoa.2017.07.001.Google Scholar
Jiménez-Martín, S and Villaplana-Prieto, C (2012) The trade-off between formal and informal care in Spain. European Journal of Health Economics 13, 461490.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jones, H (2016) Health Survey for England 2015. Adult Social Care. Leeds, UK: Health and Social Care Information Centre.Google Scholar
Katz, S, Ford, A, Moskowitz, R, Jackson, B and Jaffe, M (1963) The Index of ADL: a standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function. Studies of Illness in the Aged 185, 914919.Google ScholarPubMed
Kemp, C, Ball, M and Perkins, M (2013) Convoys of care: theorizing intersections of formal and informal care. Journal of Aging Studies 27, 1529.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
LaingBuisson (2015) Care of Older People. UK Market Report, 27th Edn. London: LaingBuisson.Google Scholar
LaingBuisson (2016) Homecare, Supported Living & Allied Services. UK Market Report, 13th Edn. London: LaingBuisson.Google Scholar
Lawton, M and Brody, E (1969) Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. The Gerontologist 9, 179186.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marmot, M, Oldfield, Z, Clemens, S, Blake, M, Phelps, A, Nazroo, J, Steptoe, A, Rogers, N and Banks, J (2015) English Longitudinal Study of Ageing: Waves 0–6, 1998–2013 (Data collection), 23rd Edn. UK Data Service. SN: 5050. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.5255/UKDA-SN-5050-10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mentzakis, E, McNamee, P and Ryan, M (2009) Who cares and how much: exploring the determinants of co-residential informal care. Review of Economics of the Household 7, 283303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
National Audit Office (2014) Adult Social Care in England: Overview. Report by the Comptroller and Auditor General. London: National Audit Office.Google Scholar
Nguyen, HT and Connelly, LB (2017) The dynamics of informal care provision in an Australian household panel survey: previous work characteristics and future care provision. Economic Record 93, 395419.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oldfield, Z (2015 a) Financial Derived Variables and Imputation Procedures (UK Data Archive Study No. 5050). English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.Google Scholar
Oldfield, Z (2015 b) Financial Derived Variables User Guide (UK Data Archive Study No. 5050). English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.Google Scholar
Phillipson, C, Smith, A and Kingston, P (2002) Growing Older in Socially Deprived Areas: Social Exclusion in Later Life. London: Help the Aged.Google Scholar
Rasbash, J and Goldstein, H (1994) Efficient analysis of mixed hierarchical and cross-classified random structures using a multilevel model. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics 19, 337350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwehr, B (2014) The Gaps, Inconsistencies and Question Marks in the Approach to Eligibility Under the Care Act. Community Care. Available at http://www.communitycare.co.uk/2014/06/23/gaps-inconsistencies-question-marks-approach-eligibility-care-act/.Google Scholar
Silverstein, M, Parrot, T and Bengston, V (1995) Factors that predispose middle-aged sons and daughters to provide social support to older parents. Journal of Marriage and Family 57, 465475.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stoller, E and Earl, L (1983) Help with activities of everyday life: sources of support for the noninstitutionalized elderly. The Gerontologist 23, 6470.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Whalley, R (2012) Social care: need for and receipt of help. In Craig, R and Mindell, J (eds), Health Survey of England 2012, Vol. 1. Leeds, UK: Health and Social Care Information Centre, chap. 8, pp. 139. Available at http://www.hscic.gov.uk/catalogue/PUB13218/HSE2012-Ch8-Socialcare-need.pdfGoogle Scholar
Woolridge, J (2005) Simple solutions to the initial conditions problem in dynamic, nonlinear panel data models with unobserved heterogeneity. Journal of Applied Econometrics 20, 3954.CrossRefGoogle Scholar