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Urea changes oocyte competence and gene expression in resultant bovine embryo in vitro

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 April 2018

Rasoul Kowsar Open the ORCID record for Rasoul Kowsar [Opens in a new window] ,
Fatemeh Izadi ,
Nima Sadeghi ,
Ahmad Riasi ,
Faezeh Ghazvini Zadegan ,
Mehdi Hajian ,
Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani ,
Hossein Farrokhpour  and
Akio Miyamoto
Rasoul Kowsar*
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080–8555, Japan
Fatemeh Izadi
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
Nima Sadeghi
Affiliation:
FKA, Animal Husbandry and Agriculture Co, Isfahan, Iran
Ahmad Riasi
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
Faezeh Ghazvini Zadegan
Affiliation:
Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
Mehdi Hajian
Affiliation:
Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani*
Affiliation:
Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
Hossein Farrokhpour
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
Akio Miyamoto
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080–8555, Japan
*
All correspondence to: Rasoul Kowsar. Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran. E-mail: Rasoul_kowsarzar@yahoo.com
Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani. Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail: mh.nasr-esfahani@royaninstitute.org
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Summary

Nutrition influences the microenvironment in the proximity of oocyte and affects early embryonic development. Elevated blood urea nitrogen, even in healthy dairy cows, is associated with reduced fertility and there is high correlation between blood urea levels and follicular fluid urea levels. Using a docking calculation (in silico), urea showed a favorable binding activity towards the ZP-N domain of ZP3, that of ZP2, and towards the predicted full-length sperm receptor ZP3. Supplementation of oocyte maturation medium with nutrition-related levels of urea (20 or 40 mg/dl as seen in healthy dairy cows fed on low or high dietary protein, respectively) dose-dependently increased: (i) the proportion of oocytes that remained uncleaved; and (ii) oocyte degeneration; and reduced cleavage, blastocyst and hatching rates. High levels of urea induced shrinkage in oocytes, visualised using scanning electron microscopy. Urea downregulated NANOG while dose-dependently upregulating OCT4, DNMT1, and BCL2 expression. Urea at 20 mg/dl induced BAX expression. Using mathematical modelling, the rate of oocyte degeneration was sensitive to urea levels; while cleavage, blastocyst and hatching rates exhibited negative sensitivity. The present data imply a novel role for urea in reducing oocyte competence and changing gene expression in the resultant embryos.

Keywords

BlastocystBovine oocyteMolecular dockingUrea
Type
Research Article
Information
Zygote , Volume 26 , Issue 3 , June 2018 , pp. 207 - 219
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2018 

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