Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-mp689 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-18T14:07:15.971Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Lutein-enriched egg production for laying hens

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 September 2019

F.M. PITARGUE ,
H.K. KANG  and
D.Y. KIL Open the ORCID record for D.Y. KIL [Opens in a new window]
F.M. PITARGUE
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
H.K. KANG
Affiliation:
Poultry Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do 25342, Republic of Korea
D.Y. KIL*
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
*
Corresponding author: dongyong@cau.ac.kr
Get access

Abstract

Dietary lutein has received considerable attention in relation to human health because of its preventative effects on various eye diseases. Eggs are considered a good source due to good accumulation and relatively high concentrations of lutein. Therefore, many studies have been conducted to produce lutein-enriched eggs by various dietary regimens. Previous studies reported that purified lutein supplements, at the inclusion levels of up to 1,000 mg/kg, increased concentrations by up to10-fold in eggs. However, a linear increase in lutein concentrations in eggs failed to show further increases at very high inclusion of lutein supplements. The use of feed ingredients high in lutein such as corn co-products, alfalfa meal, marigold flower extracts, algae-derived products, and even food ingredients have successfully increased lutein concentrations in eggs. For instance, inclusion of 20% corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), 7% corn gluten meal, 2% marigold flower extracts, or 2% chlorella products in layer diets showed more than two-fold increase in lutein concentrations in eggs. However, the efficacy of those ingredients for lutein retention in eggs was highly variable and depended on inclusion levels in diets and feeding periods. Finally, non-dietary factors such as management systems, environmental stress, disease, age, and breed may affect the lutein concentrations in eggs; however, limited information is available in this regard.

Keywords

egglaying henluteinfeed ingredient
Type
Review
Information
World's Poultry Science Journal , Volume 75 , Issue 4 , December 2019 , pp. 633 - 645
Copyright
Copyright © World's Poultry Science Association 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

ABDEL-AAL, EL-S.M., YOUNG, J.C., RABALSKI, I., HUCL, P. and FREGEAU-REID, J. (2007) Identification and quantification of seed carotenoids in selected wheat species. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 55: 787-794.Google Scholar
ADABI, S.H.G., KAMALI, M.A., DAVOODI, J., COOPER, R.G. and HAJIBABAEI, A. (2010) Quantification of lutein in egg following feeding hens with a lutein supplement and quantification of lutein in human plasma after consumption of lutein enriched eggs. European Poultry Science 74: 158-163.Google Scholar
AKDEMIR, F., ORHAN, C., SAHIN, N., SAHIN, K. and HAYIRLI, A. (2012) Tomato powder in laying hen diets: effects on concentrations of yolk carotenoids and lipid peroxidation. British Poultry Science 53: 675-680.Google Scholar
ALVES-RODRIGUES, A. and SHAO, A. (2004) The science behind lutein. Toxicology Letters 150: 57-83.Google Scholar
AN, B.-K., JEON, J.-Y., KANG, C.-W., KIM, J.-M. and HWANG, J.-K. (2014) The tissue distribution of lutein in laying hens fed lutein fortified Chlorella and production of chicken eggs enriched with lutein. Korean Journal for Food Science of Animal Resources 34: 172-177.Google Scholar
BEDECARRATS, G.Y. and LEESON, S. (2006) Dietary lutein influences immune response in laying hens. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 15: 183-189.Google Scholar
BERGQUIST, S.Å.M., GERTSSON, U.E. and OLSSON, M.E. (2006) Influence of growth stage and postharvest storage on ascorbic acid and carotenoid content and visual quality of baby spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 86: 346-355.Google Scholar
BURDICK, D. and FLETCHER, D.L. (1984) Utilization of xanthophyll in fresh-cut and field-wilted, dehydrated alfalfa and coastal bermudagrass for pigmenting egg yolks. Poultry Science 63: 1946-1951.Google Scholar
CONNOR, W.E., DUELL, P.B., KEAN, R. and WANG, Y. (2007) The prime role of HDL to transport lutein into the retina: Evidence from HDL-deficient WHAM chicks having a mutant ABCA1 transporter. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 48: 4226-4231.Google Scholar
ENGLMAIEROVÁ, M., SKŘIVAN, M. and BUBANCOVÁ, I. (2013) A comparison of lutein, spray-dried Chlorella, and synthetic carotenoids effects on yolk colour, oxidative stability, and reproductive performance of laying hens. Czech Journal of Animal Science 58: 412-419.Google Scholar
FLETCHER, D.L., JANKY, D.M., CHRISTMAS, R.B., ARAFA, A.S. and HARMS, R.H. (1977) Strain differences in egg yolk pigmentation. Poultry Science 56: 2061-2063.Google Scholar
FLETCHER, D.L., PAPA, C.M., HALLORAN, H.R. and BURDICK, D. (1985) Utilization and yolk coloring capability of dietary xanthophylls from yellow corn, corn gluten meal, alfalfa, and coastal bermudagrass. Poultry Science 64: 1458-1463.Google Scholar
FURR, H.C. and CLARK, R.M. (1997) Intestinal absorption and tissue distribution of carotenoids. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 8: 364-377.Google Scholar
GRANADO, F., OLMEDILLA, B. and BLANCO, I. (2003) Nutritional and clinical relevance of lutein in human health. British Journal of Nutrition 90: 487-502.Google Scholar
GRČEVIĆ, M., KRALIK, Z., KRALIK, G. and GALOVIC, O. (2019) Effects of dietary marigold extract on lutein content, yolk colour and fatty acid profile of omega-3 eggs. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 99: 2292-2299.Google Scholar
GUENTHNER, E., CARLSON, C.W., OLSON, O.E., KOHLER, G.O. and LIVINGSTON, A.L. (1973) Pigmentation of egg yolks by xanthophylls from corn, marigold, alfalfa and synthetic sources. Poultry Science 52: 1787-1798.Google Scholar
GUIL-GUERRERO, J.L., MARTÏNEZ-GUIRADO, C., DEL MAR REBOLLOSO-FUENTES, M. and CARRIQUE-PËREZ, A. (2006) Nutrient composition and antioxidant activity of 10 pepper (Capsicum annuum) varieties. European Food Research and Technology 224: 1-9.Google Scholar
HAMILTON, P.B., TIRADO, F.J. and GARCIA-HERNANDEZ, F. (1990) Deposition in egg yolks of the carotenoids from saponified and unsaponified oleoresin of red pepper (Capsicum annuum) fed to laying hens. Poultry Science 69: 462-470.Google Scholar
HAMMERSHOJ, M., KIDMOSE, U. and STEENFELDT, S. (2010) Deposition of carotenoids in egg yolk by short-term supplement of coloured carrot (Daucus carota) varieties as forage material for egg-laying hens. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 90: 1163-1171.Google Scholar
HASSAN, M.R., RABBANI, M.A.G., SULTANA, S. and SARKER, N. (2018) Effects of strains and temperature on production performance, egg qualities and physiological response of laying hens. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 13: 253-262.Google Scholar
HENCKEN, H. (1992) Chemical and physiological behavior of feed carotenoids and their effects on pigmentation. Poultry Science 71: 711-717.Google Scholar
HULSHOF, P.J.M., VAN ROEKEL-JANSEN, T., VAN DE BOVENKAMP, P. and WEST, C.E. (2006) Variation in retinol and carotenoid content of milk and milk products in the Netherlands. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 19: 67-75.Google Scholar
ISLAM, K.M.S., KHALIL, M., MÆNNER, K., RAILA, J., RAWEL, H., ZENTEK, J. and SCHWEIGERT, F.J. (2017) Lutein specific relationships among some spectrophotometric and colorimetric parameters of chicken egg yolk. The Journal of Poultry Science 54: 271-277.Google Scholar
ISLAM, K.M.S., KHALIL, M., MANNER, K., RAILA, J., RAWEL, H., ZENTEK, J. and SCHWEIGERT, F.J. (2016) Effect of dietary alpha-tocopherol on the bioavailability of lutein in laying hen. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 100: 868-875.Google Scholar
JANG, I., KO, Y., KANG, S., KIM, S., SONG, M., CHO, K., HAM, J. and SOHN, S. (2014) Effects of dietary lutein sources on lutein-enriched egg production and hepatic antioxidant system in laying hens. The Journal of Poultry Science 51: 58-65.Google Scholar
JEON, J.-Y., KIM, K.-E., IM, H.-J., OH, S., LIM, S.-U., KWON, H.-S., MOON, B.-H., KIM, J.-M., AN, B.-K. and KANG, C. W. (2012) The production of lutein-enriched eggs with dietary Chlorella. Korean Journal for Food Science of Animal Resources 32: 13-17.Google Scholar
JOHNSON, E.J. (2004) A biological role of lutein. Food Reviews International 20: 1-16.Google Scholar
KARUNAJEEWA, H. (1980) The deposition of synthetic oxycarotenoids in egg yolks. World's Poultry Science Journal 36: 219-226.Google Scholar
KARUNAJEEWA, H., HUGHES, R.J., MCDONALD, M.W. and SHENSTONE, F.S. (1984) A review of factors influencing pigmentation of egg yolks. World's Poultry Science Journal 40: 52-65.Google Scholar
KIM, E.-J. (2014) The dietary effects of marigold extracts on egg production, egg quality and the production of lutein fortified chicken eggs. Korean Journal of Poultry Science 41: 135-142.Google Scholar
KINGAN, J.R. and SULLIVAN, T.W. (1964) Effect of high levels of alfalfa meal on egg production, yolk colour, fertility and hatchability. Poultry Science 43: 1205-1209.Google Scholar
KOPSELL, D.A., KOPSELL, D.E. and CURRAN-CELENTANO, J. (2007) Carotenoid pigments in kale are influenced by nitrogen concentration and form. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 87: 900-907.Google Scholar
KOTAKE-NARA, E. and NAGAO, A. (2011) Absorption and metabolism of xanthophylls. Marine Drugs 9: 1024-1037.Google Scholar
KOTRBÁČEK, V., SKŘIVAN, M., KOPECKÝ, J., PĔNKAVA, O., HUDEČKOVÁ, P., UHRÍKOVÁ, I. and DOUBEK, J. (2013) Retention of carotenoids in egg yolks of laying hens supplemented with heterophilic Chlorella. Czech Journal of Animal Science 58: 193-200.Google Scholar
LARSEN, E. and CHRISTENSEN, L.P. (2005) Simple saponification method for the quantitative determination of carotenoids in green vegetables. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53: 6598-6602.Google Scholar
LEESON, S. and CASTON, L. (2004) Enrichment of eggs with lutein. Poultry Science 83: 1709-1712.Google Scholar
LEESON, S. and SUMMERS, J.D. (2005) Commercial Poultry Nutrition. University Books, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.Google Scholar
LETH, T., JAKOBSEN, J. and ANDERSEN, N.L. (2000) The intake of carotenoids in Denmark. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology 102: 128-132.Google Scholar
LOKAEWMANEE, K., YAMAUCHI, K., KOMORI, T. and SAITO, K. (2011) Enhancement of yolk colour in raw and boiled egg yolk with lutein from marigold flower meal and marigold flower extract. Journal of Poultry Science 48: 25-32.Google Scholar
MATTIOLI, S., DAL BOSCO, A., MARTINO, M., RUGGERI, S., MARCONI, O., SILEONI, V., FALCINELLI, B., CASTELLINI, C. and BENINCASA, P. (2016) Alfalfa and flax sprouts supplementation enriches the content of bioactive compounds and lowers the cholesterol in hen egg. Journal of Functional Foods 22: 454-462.Google Scholar
MORAES, M.L., RIBEIRO, A.M.L., SANTIN, E. and KLASING, K.C. (2016) Effects of conjugated linoleic acid and lutein on the growth performance and immune response of broiler chickens. Poultry Science 95: 237-246.Google Scholar
MORENO, J.A., DÏAZ-GÕMEZ, J., NOGAREDA, C., ANGULO, E., SANDMANN, G., PORTERO-OTIN, M., SERRANO, J.C.E., TWYMAN, R.M., CAPELL, T., ZHU, C. and CHRISTOU, P. (2016) The distribution of carotenoids in hens fed on biofortified maize is influenced by feed composition, absorption, resource allocation and storage. Scientific Reports 6: 35346.Google Scholar
MOROS, E.E., DARNOKO, D., CHERYAN, M., PERKINS, E.G. and JERRELL, J. (2002) Analysis of xanthophylls in corn by HPLC. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 50: 5787-5790.Google Scholar
MUGNAI, C., SOSSIDOU, E.N., DAL BOSCO, A., RUGGERI, S., MATTIOLI, S. and CASTELLINI, C. (2014) The effects of husbandry system on the grass intake and egg nutritive characteristics of laying hens. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 94: 459-467.Google Scholar
MURKOVIC, M., GAMS, K., DRAXL, S. and PFANNHAUSER, W. (2000) Development of an Austrian carotenoid database. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 13: 435-440.Google Scholar
NIIZU, P.Y. and RODRIGUEZ-AMAYA, D.B. (2005) New data on the carotenoid composition of raw salad vegetables. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 18: 739-749.Google Scholar
NOLAN, J.M., MEAGHER, K.A., HOWARD, A.N., MORAN, R., THURNHAM, D.I. and BEATTY, S. (2016) Lutein, zeaxanthin and meso-zeaxanthin content of eggs laid by hens supplemented with free and esterified xanthophylls. Journal of Nutritional Science 5: e1. doi:10.1017/jns.2015.1035.Google Scholar
NOZIÈRE, P., GRAULET, B., LUCAS, A., MARTIN, B., GROLIER, P. and DOREAU, M. (2006) Carotenoids for ruminants: from forages to dairy products. Animal Feed Science and Technology 131: 418-450.Google Scholar
NRC NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL (1994) Nutrient requirements of poultry. 9th revised edition. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
OLSON, J.B., WARD, N.E. and KOUTSOS, E.A. (2008) Lycopene incorporation into egg yolk and effects on laying hen immune function. Poultry Science 87: 2573-2580.Google Scholar
PAPADOPOULOS, G.A., CHALVATZI, S., KOPECKY, J., ARSENOS, G. and FORTOMARIS, P.D. (2019) Effects of dietary fat source on lutein, zeaxanthin and total carotenoids content of the egg yolk in laying hens during the early laying period. British Poultry Science 60: 431-438.Google Scholar
PARKER, R.S. (1996) Absorption, metabolism, and transport of carotenoids. FASEB Journal 10: 542-551.Google Scholar
PINTEA, A., DULF, F.V., BUNEA, A., MATEA, C. and ANDREI, S. (2012) Comparative analysis of lipophilic compounds in eggs of organically raised ISA Brown and Araucana hens. Chemical Papers 66: 955-963.Google Scholar
POOR, C.L., BIERER, T.L., MERCHEN, N.R., FAHEY, J.G.C. and ERDMAN, J.J.W. (1993) The accumulation of α- and β-carotene in serum and tissues of preruminant calves fed raw and steamed carrot slurries. The Journal of Nutrition 123: 1296-1304.Google Scholar
ROSSI, M. and POMPEI, C. (1995) Change in some egg components and analytical values due to hen age. Poultry Science 74: 152-160.Google Scholar
RUFF, M.D. and BRITTON, W.M. (1976) Reduced yolk colour in layers with coccidiosis. Poultry Science 55: 1712-1716.Google Scholar
SCHAEFFER, J.L., TYCZKOWSKI, J.K., PARKHURST, C.R. and HAMILTON, P.B. (1988) Carotenoid composition of serum and egg yolks of hens fed diets varying in carotenoid composition. Poultry Science 67: 608-614.Google Scholar
SECCI, G., BOVERA, F., NIZZA, S., BARONTI, N., GASCO, L., CONTE, G., SERRA, A., BONELLI, A. and PARISI, G. (2018) Quality of eggs from Lohmann Brown Classic laying hens fed black soldier fly meal as substitute for soya bean. Animal 1-7, doi:10.1017/S1751731117003603.Google Scholar
SETIAWAN, B., SULAEMAN, A., GIRAUD, D.W. and DRISKELL, J.A. (2001) Carotenoid content of selected Indonesian fruits. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 14: 169-176.Google Scholar
SHANMUGASUNDARAM, R. and SELVARAJ, R.K. (2011) Lutein supplementation alters inflammatory cytokine production and antioxidant status in F-line turkeys. Poultry Science 90: 971-976.Google Scholar
SHIN, H.S., KIM, J.W., KIM, J.H., LEE, D.G., LEE, S. and KIL, D.Y. (2016a) Effect of feeding duration of diets containing corn distillers dried grains with solubles on productive performance, egg quality, and lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations of egg yolk in laying hens. Poultry Science 95: 2366-2371.Google Scholar
SHIN, H.S., KIM, J.W., LEE, D.G., LEE, S. and KIL, D.Y. (2016b) Bioavailability of lutein in corn distillers dried grains with solubles relative to lutein in corn gluten meal based on lutein retention in egg yolk. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 96: 3401-3406.Google Scholar
SIRRI, F., IAFFALDANO, N., MINELLI, G., MELUZZI, A., ROSATO, M.P. and FRANCHINI, A. (2007) Comparative pigmentation efficiency of high dietary levels of apo-ester and marigold extract on quality traits of whole liquid egg of two strains of laying hens. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research 16: 429-437.Google Scholar
SKŘIVAN, M. and ENGLMAIEROVÁ, M. (2014) The deposition of carotenoids and α-tocopherol in hen eggs produced under a combination of sequential feeding and grazing. Animal Feed Science and Technology 190: 79-86.Google Scholar
SKŘIVAN, M., ENGLMAIEROVÁ, M., SKŘIVANOVÁ, E. and BUBANCOVÁ, I. (2015) Increase in lutein and zeaxanthin content in the eggs of hens fed marigold flower extract. Czech Journal of Animal Science 60: 89-96.Google Scholar
SKŘIVAN, M., MAROUNEK, M., ENGLMAIEROVÁ, M. and SKŘIVANOVÁ, E. (2016) Effect of increasing doses of marigold (Tagetes erecta) flower extract on eggs carotenoids content, colour and oxidative stability. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences 25: 58-64.Google Scholar
STAHL, W. and SIES, H. (1992) Uptake of lycopene and its geometrical isomers is greater from heat-processed than from unprocessed tomato juice in humans. The Journal of Nutrition 122: 2161-2166.Google Scholar
STEINBERG, W., GRASHORN, M.A., KLUNTER, A.M. and SCHIERLE, J. (2000) Comparative pigmentation efficiency of two products containing either apo-ester or tagetes extracts in egg yolks and liquid eggs. Archiv für Geflügelkunde 64: 180-187.Google Scholar
SULLIVAN, T.W. and HOLLEMAN, K.A. (1962) Effect of alfalfa meal, corn gluten meal and other dietary components on egg yolk colour. Poultry Science 41: 1474-1478.Google Scholar
SUN, H., LEE, E.J., SAMARAWEERA, H., PERSIA, M. and AHN, D.U. (2013) Effects of increasing concentrations of corn distillers dried grains with solubles on chemical composition and nutrient content of egg. Poultry Science 92: 233-242.Google Scholar
SURAI, P.F., SPEAKE, B.K. and SPARKS, N.H.C. (2001) Carotenoids in avian nutrition and embryonic development. 1. Absorption, availability and levels in plasma and egg yolk. The Journal of Poultry Science 38: 1-27.Google Scholar
TOOMER, O.T., HULSE-KEMP, A.M., DEAN, L.L., BOYKIN, D.L., MALHEIROS, R. and ANDERSON, K.E. (2019) Feeding high-oleic peanuts to layer hens enhances egg yolk colour and oleic fatty acid content in shell eggs. Poultry Science 98: 1732-1748.Google Scholar
TYCZKOWSKI, J.K. and HAMILTON, P.B. (1986) Lutein as a model dihydroxycarotenoid for the study of pigmentation in chickens. Poultry Science 65: 1141-1145.Google Scholar
TYCZKOWSKI, J.K., SCHAEFFER, J.L., PARKHURST, C. and HAMILTON, P.B. (1986) 3'-oxolutein, a metabolite of lutein in chickens. Poultry Science 65: 2135-2141.Google Scholar
WALL, M.M. (2006) Ascorbic acid, vitamin A, and mineral composition of banana (Musa sp.) and papaya (Carica papaya) cultivars grown in Hawaii. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 19: 434-445.Google Scholar
WALL, H., JONSSON, L. and JOHANSSON, L. (2010) Effects on egg quality traits of genotype and diets with mussel meal or wheat-distillers dried grains with solubles. Poultry Science 89: 745-751.Google Scholar
WANG, Y., CONNOR, S.L., WANG, W., JOHNSON, E.J. and CONNOR, W.E. (2007) The selective retention of lutein, meso-zeaxanthin and zeaxanthin in the retina of chicks fed a xanthophyll-free diet. Experimental Eye Research 84: 591-598.Google Scholar
WANG, Y., ILLINGWORTH, D.R., CONNOR, S.L., BARTON DUELL, P. and CONNOR, W.E. (2010) Competitive inhibition of carotenoid transport and tissue concentrations by high dose supplements of lutein, zeaxanthin and beta-carotene. European Journal of Nutrition 49: 327-336.Google Scholar
YONEKURA, L. and NAGAO, A. (2007) Intestinal absorption of dietary carotenoids. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 51: 107-115.Google Scholar
ZAGHINI, A., MARTELLI, G., RONCADA, P., SIMIOLI, M. and RIZZI, L. (2005) Mannanoligosaccharides and aflatoxin B1 in feed for laying hens: effects on egg quality, aflatoxins B1 and M1 residues in eggs, and aflatoxin B1 levels in liver. Poultry Science 84: 825-832.Google Scholar
ZITA, L., TUMOVA, E. and ŠTOLC, L. (2009) Effects of genotype, age and their interaction on egg quality in brown-egg laying hens. Acta Veterinaria Brno 78: 85-91.Google Scholar