Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-sxzjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-19T03:27:11.763Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Weed Control by Spring Cover Crops and Imazethapyr in No-till Southern Pea (Vigna unguiculata)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Nilda R. Burgos  and
Ronald E. Talbert
Nilda R. Burgos
Affiliation:
Dep. Agron., Univ. Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
Ronald E. Talbert
Affiliation:
Dep. Agron., Univ. Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Studies were conducted at the Vegetable Substation in Kibler, AR, in 1992 and 1993, in the same plots, to evaluate weed suppression by spring-seeded cover crops and to determine the effects of cover crop and imazethapyr on no-till southern pea. A plot without cover, conventionally tilled before planting southern pea, served as control. Weed control treatments, applied as subplots in each cover crop, included a weedy check, handweeded check, and half and full rates of imazethapyr (0.035 and 0.07 kg/ha) followed by sethoxydim (0.22 kg/ha). Biomass of Palmer amaranth 6 WAR without herbicides, was less in Italian ryegrass and sorghum-sudangrass residues than in oat residue and no cover crop. Over the years, Palmer amaranth density increased 333% without cover crops and 28% with cover crops. Rice flatsedge density increased four to five times in oat and sorghum-sudangrass residues but remained the same in Italian ryegrass residue. In general, Italian ryegrass residue suppressed the most weeds. Oat residue was least suppressive. Italian ryegrass and sorghum-sudangrass also reduced southern pea stand. Regardless of cover crop and year, half and full rates of imazethapyr followed by sethoxydim equally reduced density of Palmer amaranth, goosegrass, large crabgrass, southwestern cupgrass, and rice flatsedge compared with the untreated check. Residual control of Palmer amaranth by imazethapyr was higher at the full rate than the reduced rate, regardless of cover crop. Half rate of imazethapyr followed by sethoxydim controlled 94 to 100% of Palmer amaranth, rice flatsedge, large crabgrass, and southwestern cupgrass late in the season, regardless of cover crop in 1992 and 1993. Southern pea yield in untilled plots with cover crops was two to three times lower than yield in plots with preplant tillage and no cover crops mostly because of reduction in crop stand in the presence of cover crops.

Keywords

Imazethapyr, 2-[4,5-dihydro-4-mefhyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1-H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-ethyl-3-pyridinecarboxylic acidsethoxydim, 2-[1-(ethoxyimino)-butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-onegoosegrass, Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. # ELEINlarge crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. # DIGSAPalmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats. # AMAPArice flatsedge, Cyperus iria L. # CYPIRsouthwestern cupgrass, Eriochloa gracilis (Fourn.) A. S. Hitchc. # ERBGRItalian ryegrass, Lolium multiflorum Lam. # LOLMUoat, Avena sativa L.sorghum-sudangrass, Sorghum bicolor x Sorghum vulgare var. sudanense; southern pea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. ‘Encore.’AllelopathyAvena sativano-tillagereduced herbicide rateLolium multiflorumSorghum sudanenseAMAPACYPIRDIGSAELEINERBGR
Type
Research
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 10 , Issue 4 , December 1996 , pp. 893 - 899
Copyright
Copyright © 1996 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Barnes, J. P. and Putnam, A. R. 1986. Evidence for allelopathy by rye residues and aqueous extracts of rye (Secale cereale). Weed Sci. 34:384–390.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2. Einhellig, F. A., Rasmussen, J. A., Hejl, A. M., and Souza, I. F. 1993. Effects of root exudate sorgoleone on photosynthesis. J. Chem. Ecol. 19:369–375.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3. Fay, D. K. and Duke, W. B. 1977. An assessment of allelopathic potential in Avena germplasm. Weed Sci. 25:224–228.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4. Fery, R. L. 1981. Cowpea production in the United States. HortScience 16:473–474.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5. Forney, D. R. and Foy, C. L. 1985. Phytotoxicity of products from rhizospheres of a sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor x Sorghum sudanense). Weed Sci. 33:597–604.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6. Forney, D. R., Foy, C. L., and Wolf, D. D. 1985. Weed suppression on no-till alfalfa (Medicago sativa) by prior cropping of summer-annual forage grasses. Weed Sci. 33:490–497.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7. Geneve, R. L. and Weston, L. A. 1988. Growth reduction of eastern redbud (Cercis canadensis L.) seedlings caused by interaction with a sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (Sudex). J. Environ. Hortic. 6:24–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8. Hodges, L. and Talbert, R. E. 1990. Adsorption of the herbicides diuron, terbacil, and simazine to blueberry mulches. HortScience 25:401–402.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9. Hoffman, M. L., Regneir, E. E., and Cardina, J. 1993. Weed and corn (Zea mays) responses to a hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) cover crop. Weed Technol. 7:594–599.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10. Hurst, H. R. 1992. Cotton lay-by herbicides on wheat, vetch, and winter weeds as cover crops. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conf. Memphis, TN. 3:1308–1312.Google Scholar
11. Ilnicki, R. D. and Enache, A. J. 1992. Subterranean clover living mulch: an alternative method of weed control. Agric. Ecosys. Environ. 40:249–264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12. Johnson, G. A., DeFelice, M. S., and Helsel, Z. R. 1993. Cover crop management and weed control in corn (Zea mays). Weed Technol. 7:425–430.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13. Keeley, P., Thullen, R., Carter, L., and Chesson, J. 1992. Control of weeds in cotton with winter cover crops. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conf. Memphis, TN. 3:1304–1307.Google Scholar
14. Knavel, D. E. and Herron, J. W. 1985. Effect of sudangrass on yield and elemental content of cabbage. HortScience 20:680–681.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15. Liebl, R., Simmons, F. W., Wax, L. M., and Stoller, E. W. 1992. Effect of rye (Secale cereale) mulch on weed control and soil moisture in soybean (Glycine max). Weed Technol. 6:838–846.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16. Masiunas, J. B., Weston, L. A., and Weller, S. C. 1995. The impact of rye cover crops on weed populations in a tomato cropping system. Weed Sci. 43:318–323.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17. Mohler, C. L. 1991. Effects of tillage and mulch on weed biomass and sweet corn yield. Weed Technol. 5:545–552.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18. Nangju, D. 1973. Progress in grain legume agronomic investigations at IITA. Proc. 1st IITA Grain Legume Improvement Workshop, 29 Oct.–2 Nov. 1973, Ibadan, Nigeria. 1:122–126.Google Scholar
19. Overland, L. 1966. The role of allelopathic substances in the “smother crop” barley. Am. Bot. 53:423–432.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20. Putnam, A. R., DeFrank, J., and Barnes, J. P. 1983. Exploitation of allelopathy for weed control in annual and perennial cropping systems. J. Chem. Ecol. 9:1001–1010.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
21. Smith, A. E. and Martin, L. D. 1994. Allelopathic characteristics of three cool-seasongrass species in the forage system. Agron. J. 86:243–246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22. Shilling, D. G., Liebl, R. A., and Worsham, A. D. 1985. Rye (Secale cereale L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) mulch: the suppression of certain broadleaved weeds and the isolation of phytotoxins. p. 243–271 in Thompson, A. C., ed. The Chemistry of Allelopathy. Am. Chem. Soc. Symp. Ser. 268.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23. Tompkins, F. D. and Mullins, C. A. 1979. Effects of seedbed preparation on plant stand and pod yields of lima bean and southern pea. Tenn. Farm Home Sci. 112:5–7.Google Scholar
24. Weston, A. R. 1990. Cover crop and herbicide influence on row crop seedling establishment in no-tillage culture. Weed Sci. 38:166–171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25. Weston, L. A., Harmon, R., and Mueller, S. 1989. Allelopathic potential of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (Sudex). J. Chem. Ecol. 15:1855–1866.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed