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Rapid Assay Evaluation of Plant Response to Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase (Protox)-Inhibiting Herbicides

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Jeanne S. Falk ,
Kassim Al-Khatib  and
Dallas E. Peterson
Jeanne S. Falk
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, 2004 Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506
Kassim Al-Khatib*
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, 2004 Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506
Dallas E. Peterson
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, 2004 Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: khatib@ksu.edu
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Abstract

Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (protox)-inhibiting herbicides damage cell membranes, resulting in electrolyte leakage. A whole-plant dose-response study and a rapid assay that measured electrolyte leakage was used to determine the response of wild mustard, soybean, and protox inhibitor–susceptible and protox inhibitor–resistant common waterhemp to increasing doses of three protox inhibitors: acifluorfen, fomesafen, and sulfentrazone. For the dose-response study, whole plants were treated with the three protox-inhibitor herbicides. Electroconductivity assay 1 consisted of cutting discs from leaf tissue and submerging them in an incubation medium containing concentrations of acifluorfen, fomesafen, or sulfentrazone. In electroconductivity assay 2, the entire leaf was treated with solutions containing acifluorfen, fomesafen, or sulfentrazone. The whole-plant dose-response study showed increasing visible injury with increasing herbicide rates for all species and all herbicides. The order of visible injury was wild mustard > susceptible common waterhemp > resistant common waterhemp > soybean. In assay 1, electrolyte leakage from leaf discs treated with acifluorfen or fomesafen increased with increasing herbicide concentrations, and was similar for all species. In contrast, electrolyte leakage from leaf discs treated with sulfentrazone did not increase with increasing herbicide concentrations for any species. In assay 2, only wild mustard leaf discs increased in electrolyte leakage with increasing herbicide rates of acifluorfen, fomesafen, and sulfentrazone and followed the regression curves established by the whole-plant dose-response study. However, assay 2 was not able to distinguish between susceptible wild mustard and tolerant soybean, or between susceptible and resistant waterhemp.

Keywords

Acifluorfenfomesafensulfentrazonecommon waterhemp, Amaranthus rudis Sauer, #3 AMATAwild mustard, Brassica kaber (DC.) L.C. Wheeler, # SINARcorn, Zea mays L.soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Asgrow 3302’sunflower, Helianthus annuus L.Electrolyte leakageherbicide applicationherbicide resistanceDAT, days after treatmentproto, protoporphryin IXprotogen, protoporphyrinogen IXprotox, protoporphyrinogen oxidase [E.C. 1.3.3.4]
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 20 , Issue 1 , March 2006 , pp. 104 - 112
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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