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Predicted Corn Yield Loss Due to Weed Competition Prior to Postemergence Herbicide Application on Wisconsin Farms

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Nathanael D. Fickett ,
Chris M. Boerboom  and
David E. Stoltenberg
Nathanael D. Fickett
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, 1575 Linden Drive, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
Chris M. Boerboom
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, 1575 Linden Drive, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
David E. Stoltenberg*
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, 1575 Linden Drive, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: destolte@wisc.edu
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Abstract

Approximately 50% of the genetically modified herbicide-resistant corn hectares in the United States are treated only with POST-applied herbicides for weed management. Although a high degree of efficacy can be obtained with POST-applied herbicides, delayed timing of application may result in substantial corn yield loss. Our goal was to characterize on-farm corn–weed communities prior to POST herbicide application and estimate potential corn-yield loss associated with early-season corn–weed competition. In 2008 and 2009, field surveys were conducted across 95 site-years in southern Wisconsin and recorded weed species, density, and height in addition to crop height, growth stage, and row spacing. WeedSOFT® was used to predict corn yield loss. Common lambsquarters, velvetleaf, dandelion, common ragweed, and Amaranthus species were the five most abundant broadleaf weed species across site-years, present in 92, 86, 59, 45, and 44% of all fields, respectively, at mean densities of 19, 3, 3, 4, and 3 plants m−2, respectively. Mean plant heights among these species were 17 cm or less. Grass and sedge species occurred in 96% of fields at a mean density of 25 plants m−2 and height of 7 cm. The mean and median of total weed density across site-years were 96 and 52 plants m−2, with heights of 14 and 13 cm, respectively. Mean predicted corn yield loss was 4.5% with a mean economic loss of $62 ha−1. However, predicted yield loss was greater than 5% on one-third of the site-years, with a maximum of 26%. These results indicate that delayed application of POST herbicides has led to corn yield loss due to early-season weed-crop competition on a substantial number of fields across southern Wisconsin, and suggest that management tactics need to be improved to protect corn yield potential fully.

Aproximadamente 50% de las hectáreas de maíz genéticamente modificado con resistencia a herbicidas en los Estados Unidos son tratados solamente con herbicidas aplicados POST para el manejo de malezas. Aunque un alto grado de eficacia puede ser obtenido con aplicaciones de herbicidas POST, atrasos en el momento de aplicación pueden resultar en pérdidas sustanciales en el rendimiento del maíz. Nuestro objetivo fue caracterizar las comunidades de maíz-malezas en fincas antes de las aplicaciones de herbicidas POST y estimar el potencial de pérdida en rendimiento del maíz asociado con la competencia temprana entre el maíz y las malezas. En 2008 y 2009, se realizaron evaluaciones de campo en 95 sitios-años en el sur de Wisconsin y se determinó las especies de malezas, densidad, y altura además de altura, estado de desarrollo y espacio entre hileras del cultivo. WeedSOFT® fue usado para predecir las pérdidas en rendimiento del maíz. Chenopodium album, Abutilon theophrasti, Taraxacum officinale, Ambrosia artemisiifolia y especies de Amaranthus fueron las cinco especies de malezas de hoja ancha más abundantes a lo largo de los sitios-años, y estuvieron presentes en 92, 86, 59, 45 y 44% de todos los campos, respectivamente, con densidades promedio de 19, 3, 3, 4 y 3 plantas m−2, respectivamente. La altura promedio de estas especies fue 17 cm o menos. Especies de gramíneas o ciperáceas se encontraron en 96% de los campos a densidades promedio de 25 plantas m−2 y altura de 7 cm. El promedio y la media de la densidad de malezas total en todos los sitios-años fue 96 y 52 plantas m−2, con alturas de 14 y 13 cm, respectivamente. El promedio pronosticado de pérdida en el rendimiento del maíz fue 4,5% con una pérdida económica promedio de $62 ha−1. Sin embargo, la pérdida de rendimiento pronosticada fue mayor a 5% en un tercio de los sitios-años, con un máximo de 26%. Estos resultados indican que atrasos en la aplicación de herbicidas POST ha llevado a pérdidas en rendimiento del maíz debido a competencia entre la maleza y el cultivo temprano durante la temporada en un número sustancial de campos a lo largo del sur de Wisconsin, y sugieren que las tácticas de manejo necesitan ser mejoradas para proteger el potencial productivo del maíz.

Keywords

Glyphosate, Amaranthus sppcommon lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L. CHEALcommon ragweed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.AMBELdandelion, Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers TAROFvelvet-leaf, Abutilon theorphrasti Medik. ABUTHcorn, Zea Mays L.Decision support systempopulation dynamicsrelative abundanceWeedSOFT®
Type
Weed Management—Major Crops
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 27 , Issue 1 , March 2013 , pp. 54 - 62
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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Footnotes

Current address: Louisiana State University, 104 M. B. Sturgis Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803.

Current address: North Dakota State University Extension Service, Department 7000, P.O. Box 6050, Fargo, ND 58108-6050.

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