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Postemergence Chemical Control of Nodding Broomrape (Orobanche cernua) in Bidi Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) in India

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Grama N. Dhanapal ,
Siny J. Ter Borg  and
Paul C. Struik
Grama N. Dhanapal
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, University of Agricultural Sciences, Gandhi Krishi Vignana Kendra, Bangalore—560 065, Karnataka, India
Siny J. Ter Borg
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Sciences, group Nature Conservation and Plant Ecology, Wageningen Agricultural University, Bornsesteeg 69, 6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands
Paul C. Struik
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Agronomy, Wageningen Agricultural University, Haarweg 333, 6709 RZ Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Abstract

Broomrape is a severe problem in the continuous cropping of bidi tobacco in India. Fifteen herbicides were evaluated for postemergence control, at different dates and rates, in field experiments in Nipani, Karnataka State. The effects of the herbicides on Orobanche control and growth and yield of tobacco were compared to the effects of handweeding and an untreated check. Following this screening experiment, four herbicides were selected for further testing. Glyphosate at 500 g ai/ha applied at 60 days after transplanting (DAT) and imazaquin at 10 g ai/ha applied at 30 DAT reduced the number of aboveground broomrape spikes by 75 to 80% and increased the tobacco yields by 80 to > 100% compared to the untreated plots. Imazethapyr and EPTC were found to be less effective for broomrape control, but they still led to substantially higher tobacco yield. None of the herbicide treatments resulted in yields higher than those in the hand-weeded plots. These plots probably did not yet reflect the potential yield of tobacco under broomrape-free conditions, due to nonemerged spikes. Toxicity to tobacco of all herbicides was higher for the higher rates tested. It was lowest with imazaquin.

Keywords

Glyphosate, N-(phosphonomethyl)glycineimazaquin, 2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-3-quinolinecarboxylic acidimazethapyr, 2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-ethyl-3-pyridinecarboxylic acidEPTC, S-ethyl dipropyl carbamothioatenodding broomrape, Orobanche cernua Loefl. var. cernua # ORACEtobacco, Nicotiana tabacum L.Handweedingparasitic weedsEPTCglyphosateimazaquinimazethapyrORACEDAT, days after transplanting
Type
Research
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 12 , Issue 4 , December 1998 , pp. 652 - 659
Copyright
Copyright © 1998 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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